Growth + development of children Flashcards by Elina Hovzun

Metalinguistic awareness

School-aged child ( 6-12)

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Demonstrates parallel play

Toddler (1-3)

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Magical thinking

Preschooler ( 3-5 )

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Educating parents about what to expect in development

Anticipatory guidance

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Play telephone, finger paint, blocks, pots and pans, board books - appropriate toys for …

Toddler (1-3)

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Closure of anterior fontanel

18 months

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Paperback books, board games, action heroes, scrapbook, baseball cards - appropriate toys for…

School-age children (6-12)

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Theory of psychosexual development

Freud

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Theory of cognitive development

Piaget

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Theory of psychosocial development

Erikson

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Puppets, legos, simple card games, pretend food, crayons, dress-up clothes - appropriate toys for …

Preschoolers ( 3-5)

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Concerned with body image

Adolescent

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Return to an earlier developmental stage

Regression

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Trunk to extremities growth

Proximodistal

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Able to face forward in car seat

20 pounds and age 2

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Distress over parent leaving

Separation anxiety

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Increase in physical size

Growth

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Head to toe growth

Cephalocaudal

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Sequential process of gaining various skills and functions

Development

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The way someone reacts to environment

Temperament

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Mobiles, rattles, unbreakable mirrors, soft dolls, musical toys - appropriate toys for…

Infants (birth - 1)

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Food high in iron

Watermelon

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Places child at risk for accidental poisoning

Undeveloped taste discrimination

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Able to use a booster

40 pounds - age 4

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Avoid in children under 1 year

Honey ( botulism )

Precaution to reduce SIDS

"Back to sleep" position

Demonstrated by "peak a boo"

Object permanence

Trust vs Mistrust

Infant - Trust = Consistency

Infant - no head lag ; grasps rattle

5 months

Infant - crawls ; finger foods

9 months

Infant - walks ; feeds self; pokes + points with finger ; single words with meaning ; separation anxiety

12 months

Infant - pincer grasp

8 months

Infant - babbles (consonants) ;

6 months

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Toddler - Autonomy = Promote independence

Egocentrism = ritualism + individuation + negativism

Toddler

Echolalia

Toddler - repeating of phrases

Initiative vs Guilt

Preschooler - Initiative = Allow to assist

Concrete + literal communication

Preschooler

Industry vs Inferiority

School-age child - Industry = Promote self-worth via learning

Identity vs Role confusion

Adolescent - Identity = own sense of self

< 10 kg

100 ml per kg for 24 hours

11-20 kg

1000 ml ( for 1st 10 kg) + 50 ml per remaining kg ( over 10 kg) for 24 hours

20 + kg

1000 ml ( for 1st 10 kg) + 500 ml ( for 2nd 10 kg ) + 20 ml per remaining kg ( over 20 kg) for 24 hours

CRIES

Newborns - infants - postoperative pain assessment (0-2)E 1. Cry 2. Required oxygen ( SpO2 > 95 %) 3. Increased vital signs 4. Expression 5. Sleepless

stranger anxiety

6-8 months

weight doubles by ... and triples by ...

6 and 12 months

site for IM injection on infant ( until age 5 )

Vastus lateralis

Nursing care for IVs

monitor rate and volume; inspect site every hour !!!

Normal urine output

1-2 ml/kg/hr; infants - 1-3 ml/kg/hr

Axillary T

< 4 -5 years

Oral T

> 4 - 5 years

Fever

38 C - tylenol or motrin - check Q2

Pulse

Apical for 1 minute ( even teens ) : never monitor HR

Oxygen saturation

Switch the probe on the site every shift - Risk for burn;

SpO2 errors

1. movement 2. light sources 3. nail polish

Cuff bladder size

40 % of upper arm length; 80-100 of arm circumference ; the smaller the cuff the higher the reading

Infants - pain

mouth is open - forming square

FLACC

Toddlers; 1. Face 2. Legs 3. Activity 4. Cry 5. Consolability

Preschoolers - pain

might not report because afraid; FACES

School-age children - pain

might deny (brave, afraid); numeric pain intensity scale or visual analog scale

Pain scale

1-3 - mild 4-6 - moderate 7-10 - severe

Acetaminophen 10-15 mg/kg/dose

Infants any age; hepatotoxicity;

Ibuprofen (NSAID) 5-10 mg/kg/dose

after age 6 month;

Morphine 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose

moderate to severe pain (4-10); CNS depression ( check RR and pulse ox) ; N/V; decreased peristalsis; pruritis ;

EMLA

topical anesthetic ; lidocaine + prilocaine; 60-90 min prior; deep - 2-3 hours ; reduces pain for 24 hours ; after 37 weeks gestation

A 5-year-old is obviously relieved yet angry following a procedure he resisted and needed to be restrained to complete. Which nursing action may be most helpful to this kindergartener?

The Play-Doh choice is the best means for him to pound, smash, and otherwise vent his feelings in a safe, age-appropriate way.

nurses should choose their words and actions carefully since adolescents typically are concerned about

Appearing out of control of the situation and/or themselves

the meaning of atraumatic care for children

The underlying premise of "do no harm"

"I forgot my glasses, so I'll read this when I get home and let you know if I have questions."

nurse suspects poor literacy skills in a child's family member

risk factors that could result in developmental problems for the child.

Being a single parent and not having a high school education

universal screening tests all children should receive

Phenylketonuria (PKU) and auditory brain stem response (ABSR) tests

priority reason to have a thorough grasp of the growth and development of children is to:

Identify developmental risks or delays promptly.

teach children about healthy food choices

3 years

universal blood pressure screening should begin at age

3 years

The recommended amount of solution a toddler should receive in one IM injection should not exceed

1 ml

syringe should be used to administer medications or flush intravenous lines.

A 5-mL or larger syringe

nasogastric tube that has been in place for several days. It is time to administer the liquid feeding. Which of the following is the priority nursing action?

Check the length of the tube extending from the nose against the measurement recorded when the tube was placed.

The nurse will assess the apical impulse at which location

The apical pulse can be found at the fifth intercostal space lateral to the left midclavicular line in children over 7 years.

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 8-month-old girl with special healthcare needs. Which intervention would best help this infant grow and develop?

A basic need of this girl is the development of trust in and attachment to her parents. Support parental attachment to the child.

Growth + development of children Flashcards

(79 cards)