Growth Disorders

Question 1

Neoplasm

Answer 1

Tumor or non-specific term for swelling

Question 2

Cancer

Answer 2

Malignant neoplasm

Question 3

Cellular Process

Answer 3

Neoplasia

Question 4

Clinical aspects

Answer 4

Oncology

Question 5

Oncogenesis or tumorogenesis

Answer 5

Process of development of neoplasm

Question 6

Differentiation

Answer 6

Process of maturing of normal cells

Question 7

Totipotent

Answer 7

They have the capacity to form every adult cell type

Question 8

What cell type are undergoing cell differentiation

Answer 8

Fertilized ovum cells

Question 9

Fully differentiated cells

Answer 9

Differentiation involves restriction of genome expression. They only express a small % of genetic information of the fertilized ovum

Question 10

CSCs

Answer 10

Cancer Stem Cells

Question 11

Stem Cell Theory of Tumor Heterogeneity

Answer 11

Tumor growth and development is driven by a small population of cancer stem cells

Question 12

Well differentiated neoplastic cells

Answer 12

May retain their architecture

Question 13

Poorly differentiated neoplastic cells

Answer 13

Display inappropriate growth pattern, hormone and protein production

Question 14

HER-2/neu

Answer 14

Encodes for a cell surface receptor that stimulates cell division

Question 15

RAS

Answer 15

Kinase signaling pathways that control transcription of genes, regulate cell growth and differentiation

Question 16

MYC

Answer 16

Transcription factor and controls expression of several genes

Question 17

SRC

Answer 17

The first oncogene discovered. This protein is a tyrosine kinase which regulates cell activity

Question 18

hTERT

Answer 18

Codes for the enzyme telomerase that maintains chromosome ends

Question 19

Oncogenes

Answer 19

HER-2/neu, RAS, MYC, SRC, hTERT

Question 20

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Answer 20

p53, Rb, APC

Question 21

p53

Answer 21

Transcription factor that regulates cell division and cell death

Question 22

Rb

Answer 22

Alters the activity of transcription factors and therefore controls cell division

Question 23

APC

Answer 23

Controls the availability of a transcription factor

Question 24

Carcinogenesis

Answer 24

Multistep process involving initiation, promotion, and progression

Question 25

Example of mutagenic initiator

Answer 25

Chemical or physical carcinogens that damage DNA

Question 26

Promotors

Answer 26

Non-mutagenic and effects CAN be REVERSIBLE

Question 27

Malignant Conversion

Answer 27

Irreversible

Question 28

Initiation

Answer 28

Genetic, irreversible

Question 29

Progression

Answer 29

Genetic, irreversible. Nongenetic, reversible .

Question 30

Direct Radiation Carcinogens

Answer 30

Radiant Energy

Question 31

Indirect Radiation Carcinogens

Answer 31

Free radicals

Question 32

Metastasis

Answer 32

Spread of tumor to another site

Question 33

-oma

Answer 33

Benign neoplasm

Question 34

Adeno-

Answer 34

Glandular tumor

Question 35

CArcinoma

Answer 35

Malignancy of epithelial origin

Question 36

Sarcoma

Answer 36

Malignancy of mesenchymal origin

Question 37

Lymphoma/Lymphosarcoma/Leukosis

Answer 37

Used for malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue

Question 38

Leukemia

Answer 38

Used when malignant lymphoid cells are circulating in the blood

Question 39

Myeloma/Plasma Cell Tumor/Plasmacytoma

Answer 39

All refer to plasma cell tumors

Question 40

Melanoma/Melanocytoma

Answer 40

Tumors of the melanocyte

Question 41

Cachexia

Answer 41

Loss of muscle and fat