GS FE SG Flashcards
(194 cards)
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GS FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2025
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Q1: What is the scientific method?
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A: A process of asking questions
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making observations
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Q2a: What happens to the identity of a substance in a physical change?
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A: It stays the same.
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Q2b: What happens to the identity of a substance in a chemical change?
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A: It changes into a new substance.
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Q3: Signs of a chemical change include:
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A: Color change
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gas formation
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Q4: Is changing state a physical or chemical change?
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**A:** Physical change.
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**Q5:** How does the kinetic theory describe states of matter?
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**A:** Particles are always moving; their movement determines the state.
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**Q6a:** Compare particle motion in solids
liquids
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**A:**
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- Solids: particles vibrate in place.
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- Liquids: particles slide past each other.
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- Gases: particles move rapidly and freely.
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**Q6b:** How does kinetic energy relate to particle speed?
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**A:** More kinetic energy means particles move faster.
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**Q7:** What happens to kinetic energy when changing state?
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- Gas to liquid: energy decreases
particles slow down.
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- Solid to liquid: energy increases
particles move faster.
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### **Chapter 5**
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**Q8:** How is the periodic table arranged?
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**A:** By increasing atomic number in rows (periods) and columns (groups).
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**Q9:** What are characteristics of metals?
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**A:** Shiny
good conductors
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### **Chapter 11**
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**Q10:** What happens when two forces act in the same direction?
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**A:** They add together to produce a larger force.
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**Q11:** When forces are balanced
what is the net force?
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**A:** Zero.
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**Q12:** What is friction?
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**A:** A force that opposes motion between surfaces.
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**Q13:** Calculate velocity:
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**Distance:** 95 meters
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**Time:** 1.2 hours
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**V = d / t = 95 / 1.2 ≈ 79.17 meters/hour**
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### **Chapter 12**
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**Q14:** Newton’s First Law?
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**A:** An object stays at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
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**Q15:** Newton’s Second Law?
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**A:** Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).
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**Q16:** Newton’s Third Law?
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**A:** For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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**Q17:** What is inertia?
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**A:** An object’s resistance to change in motion.
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**Q18:** How can acceleration be increased?
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**A:** Increase force or decrease mass.
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**Q19:** What is gravity?
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**A:** The force of attraction between objects with mass.
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**Earth’s large mass gives it a strong gravitational pull.
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**Q20:** Difference between mass and weight?
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**A:** Mass is how much matter; weight is the force of gravity on that matter.
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**Q21:** Calculate force:
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**Mass:** 1100 kg
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**Acceleration:** 3 m/s²
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**F = ma = 1100 × 3 = 3300 N**
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### **Chapter 13**
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**Q22:** How do machines help?
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**A:** They make work easier by increasing force
changing direction
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**Q23:** What is a simple machine?
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**A:** A device that reduces effort needed to do work.
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**Q24:** What is a lever?
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**A:** A rigid bar that pivots to lift or move objects.
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**Q25:** How does an inclined plane help?
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**A:** It spreads out effort over a longer distance
making lifting easier.
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### **Chapter 14**
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**Q26:** What is heat?
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**A:** Transfer of thermal energy between objects.
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**Q27:** Heat flows from?
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**A:** From hot to cold.
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**Q28:** What is conduction?
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**A:** Transfer of heat through direct contact.
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**Q29:** What is convection?
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**A:** Transfer of heat by movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
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**Q30:** Absolute zero temperature?
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**A:** −273°C.
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**Q31:** Principle of heat exchange?
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**A:** Heat flows from hotter to cooler objects until equal temperature.
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**Q32:** How are temperature and particle motion related?
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**A:** Higher temperature means faster particles.
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**Q33a:** What do conduction and convection require?
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**A:** A medium (solid
liquid
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**Q33b:** Can they occur in space?
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**A:** No
because space has no medium.
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### **Chapter 15**
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**Q34:** What is a wave?
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**A:** A disturbance that transfers energy.
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**Q35:** Main source of electromagnetic waves?
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**A:** The Sun or other stars.
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**Q36:** Speed of EM waves in space?
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**A:** About 300
000 km/sec (speed of light).
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**Q37a:** Do EM waves have the same or different amplitudes?
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**A:** They can have different amplitudes.
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**Q37b:** Different wavelengths?
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**A:** Yes
they have different wavelengths.
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**Q37c:** Different frequencies?
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**A:** Yes
they have different frequencies.
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**Q38:** EM waves with most energy?
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**A:** Gamma rays.
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### **Chapter 19**
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**Q39:** What force keeps planets in orbit?
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**A:** Gravity.
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**Q40:** What is the Giant Impact Hypothesis?
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**A:** A large object hit Earth
forming the Moon.
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**Q41:** What causes tides?
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**A:** The Moon’s gravity pulling on Earth's oceans.
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**Q42:** How did gravity and collisions form the solar system?
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**A:** Gravity pulled dust together; collisions shaped planets.
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**Q43:** What percentage of the solar system’s mass is in the Sun?
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**A:** About 99.8%.
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**Q44:** During an eclipse
the difference between the umbra and penumbra?
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**A:** Umbra: full shadow. Penumbra: partial shadow.
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**Q45:** Characteristics of inner planets?
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**A:** Rocky
close to the Sun
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**Q46:** Characteristics of a dwarf planet?
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**A:** Round
orbits the Sun
