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1
Q

Broadly speaking scholars of peace
studies have attributed ___ meaning to
peace

A

6

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2
Q

The Norwegian theorist, Johan
Galtung identifies ___ types of violence

A

3
direct violence,
structural violence and cultural
violence

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3
Q

Direct violence include
Structural violence include
Cultural violence include

A

physical,
emotional & psychological

Structural violence include bad
policies
cultural bad
norms, bad norms, bad practice,
discrimination, injustice & human
suffering

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4
Q

“peace” in academic
concerned with

A

the transformation of
a culture of non-war to culture of
peace making

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5
Q

Hindu talks about “” meaning
peace

A

Ahimsa

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6
Q

Bantu & Kanuri say “” meaning
peace

A

Keliwa

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7
Q

Ubuntu language is very difficult into
a western language

say –yu-u no burtu meaning
someone is ,

A

friendly, caring
& compassionate
hospitable

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8
Q

origin of the world conflict is
always traced to the ___ century

A

15th century
Latin word “Conflictus”

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9
Q

_____ conflict can be used
constructively to explore solution to a
problem & stimulate by recognizing &
sensitively exposing by bringing
emotive & no rational argument ope

A

Certainty conflict

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10
Q

____observed that the goal of any theory is
to explain something which has
occurred with a view to dealing with
problems

A

Coher (1968)

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11
Q

Structural conflict theory include
.

A

radical & liberty

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12
Q

Realist theory

A

include description,
explanation & prescriptive realism

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13
Q

Biological theory:

A

the biological
theorists view that human kind is evil
by nature and has a long tradition

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14
Q

America
greed for oil in middle east & armed
formation is ___ theory

A

Economic theory

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15
Q

______ theory which
include discrimination, deprivation,
humiliation, oppression, victimization,
feely of inferiority

A

Psycho-cultural conflict

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16
Q

Systematic theory which include

A

environmental degradation,
population growth, modernization,
political disorder

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17
Q

What’s structural conflict theory

A

The main theory is that
conflict is bust into particular ways

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18
Q

Structural theory
Radical theory claims

A

claims that exploitative &
unjust nature of human societies
dominion of one class by another
consequently result in conflict

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19
Q

Realists theory believes

A

realist believe that
the imperfection in the world, has its
force that the inherited in human
nature is selfish individualistic

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20
Q

)Frustration aggression theory evolve from

A

this
evolves from an individual groups as a
result of them in ability to fulfill their
needs

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21
Q

Niger
Delta area of Nigeria is a type of ____

A

Frustration aggression theory

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22
Q

______ theory school share the expression of
aggression has a lot to do with
learning

A

Physiological theory

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23
Q

Economic theory believe that

A

people in
conflicts are not brought as a result of
economic different but rather than
conflict is a result of greed.

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24
Q

The types of conflict include:

A

ethnic,
religious, political & economic.

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25
Whats Ethnic conflict are And is also called
also communual conflict in the sense that they are conflict usually between neighboring communities
26
Jega (2002) reveals that major aspect one of the ethnic dynamic is
the massive mobilization of identities.
27
MASSB means Their motive
movement for the actualization sovereign state of Biafra in southern Nigeria
28
INC means 60)OPC Their motive
Ijaw national congress in Niger delta area of Nigeria oduduwa people congress in western Nigeria To protect the interest of their group and complicating things
29
ACF means 62)NDF means point their motive
arewa consultative forum in northern Nigeria Nigerian defense force To protect the interest of their group and complicating things
30
politically Nigeria was formed and build since Experience political conflict in
1914 1953, 1983, 1999, 2003 and 2007 general election
31
Since 1960s religious violence has indeed led to huge loss of life’s and property
32
RNC means
royal Nigeria company
33
formal transition of authority from RNC to the British forces defeat the jihadist __ year
in 1902
34
The first land legislation in Nigeria under Lugard was the land procumulation of
no.8 of 1900
35
It transferred all lands formerly under the control of RNC to the British colonial authorities till ___ whenLugard said to the governors of northern Nigerian committee to study existing land tenure system in northern Nigeria The land & native and ordinate of 1990 was a product of the committee recommendation
1906
36
Indigenes vs settlers attempts were done in Nigeria which was resisted in ___ year The movement was repeated and called
1907 PUSH and PULL factor
37
THE PUSH arise from
arises from the socio-economic situation which compels movement
38
The PULL are
are those that attract & relate to economic opportunities & so on
39
Farmers/cattle ( farmers and nomads) rearing violence is due to?
state collapse injustice. Ethic militias Indigenes/settlers syndrome
40
Method of Management of conflict & security
The proactive category which entails the aims to prevent the occurrence of conflict in the first place Reactive category
41
conflict transformation was introduced by
John Paul Lederach of the western Mennonite school of peace building
42
The major aim of conflict transformation is to
change the parties, their relationship & the condition that created the conflict Building a long standing (relationship) peace
43
What's conflict suppression
unwillingness of more powerful parties or strong interveners who have ability to transform or manage a conflict situation to take necessary measures
44
ADR means Their job is
alternative dispute resolution the idea of ADR is about the search for an application of non￾conventional peaceful method
45
WADR means And job
western alternative dispute resolution: seeks to promote the use of non-violent approach to conflict
46
The major Nigeria cases of conflict is in
(1980-2006)
47
, 1966 coup debate, 1967 civil war, 1969 political upraising,1980 Kaduna Christian￾Muslim conflict over the introduction of shari’ah law, the 1981-82 kaduna polytechnic muslim-christian conflict, the 1985 nationwide Christian protest over the alleged attempt by the IBB
48
The 3 levels of activities of conflict prevention are:-
peace promotion , conflict control abatement, & conflict resolution
49
Peace is generally defined as
absence of war, fear, anxiety, suffering, violence & dispute.
50
______ is the basic element of peace, peaceful co-existence among the humanities.
The affirmation
51
6 meaning of peace
absence of war, absence of direct violence, absence of injustice, of fear & presence of respect & tolerance between people
52
The universal declaration of human rights adopted by the united nation in___ year
1948
53
____ describe mediation as
Cooley (1992) mental process which emphasis the use of motivates symbols & emotion in resolution of conflict
54
The methods adopted for ADR include:
Religious, elders of the community, media & press.
55
ECOWAS meaning and goal
ECOWAS means economic community of west African state was established by the Lagos treaty of 1975 for the purpose of economic development & integration of its 15 states The aim of ECOWAS was to promote cooperation & development in all field of economic activity
56
African unity was made by? Developed from?
Afro-America & Afro￾Caribean intellectual like D.U Boi, Casey Williams, Edmond Blyden & Marcus Garvey pan Africanism outside African continent
57
Pan-Africanism were made outside but quickly accepted by?
African scholars such as Kenya Nkuramah of Ghana, Nnamdi Azikwe of Nigeria, Sekou Toure of Ghana, Jamo Kenyata of Kenya and Wallace Johnson of Sierra Leon
58
By ___ year Africa was divided into 3 distinct camps with respect to Pan￾Africa movement these were
mid-1961 Casablanca group, the Monrovian and the Brazzaville groups
59
The Casablanca groups include
Ghana, guinea, Mali, Morocco, the United Arab Republic and Libya. These were the so called radical state
60
Monrovia group which include They are also called ___ because
Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Libya, Tunisia, Togo and Somali. conservative or moderate because they favoured step by step approach.
61
Brazilian group was comprised These countries were bound together by?
of twelve former French colonies including Cameroon, the central Africa Republic, Chad, Congo, Brazzaville, Dahomey (Benin), Gabon, the Ivory Coast (Core’d Ivore), Madagascar, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and upper Volta(Burkina Faso) together by the Brazzaville declaration of December, 1960
62
0) The united nation functions through ___ main organs. Namely
6 The general assembly, the security council, the economics and social council, the trusteeship, the international court of justice and the secretariat
63
The general assembly is
this has been described as the supreme body of the united nation, made up of representatives from all members nations
64
The security council consists of
this organ is made up of 15 member nations, 5 of which are the world’s big powers (US, USSR, Britain, France and China)
65
The secretariat: this organ is
responsible for the general administration of the united nation
66
The trusteeship council: this organ
was set up to survive the administration of trust terrorist
67
The economic and social council: it Deals with
deals with all economic and social matters of the UN, it also coordinate the activities of UN agencies
68
The international court of justice: it is
judicial organ of the united nations comprised of 15 judges elected by the general
69
the world’s big powers are
US, USSR, Britain, France and China
70
Genocide ended in ___ year When tutsi drove hulu army & interhamwe militia cross congo border
1994
71
In ___ year general augustin was captured in ____ and transported to UN war crimes tribunal in Tanzania At the same tribunal interhamwe leader ___ was sentenced life in prison
2002 In Aangola George Rutaganda
72
_____ sheltered_____ tutsi and hutsu refugees @ miles kollins hotel in kigali
Paul Ross 1268
73
Titania's thomas bother and his wife Feden were never found
74
Paul and titania now leave in
Belgium
75
In ___ year 9ja was seperated into 2
1946
76
The culture of people include
Respect of life Liberty Justit

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