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NUR 718 exam 2 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

hematuria

A

5+ RBCs on 3/3 specimens one week apart

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2
Q

most common UTI pathogen

A

E. coli

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3
Q

UTI exam findings

A

fever, tachycardia
flank pain/CVA tenderness
suprapubic tenderness
inguinal adenopathy

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4
Q

UTI diagnostics

A

UA

pyuria (WBC >10,0000/ml) - most reliable
leukocyte esterase > nitrites

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5
Q

uncomplicated cystitis treatment

A

nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim

second line - fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

acute pyelonephritis treatment

A

hospitalized - gentamycin & ampicillin OR ceftriaxone OR ciprofloxacin

outpatient - ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin IV then PO

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7
Q

varicocele vs hydrocele presentation

A

variocele - venous dilation

bag of worms, pain, testicular atrophy, infertility

hydrocele - fluid collection

fullness, painless

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8
Q

how to differentiate between hydrocele and varicocele

A

hydrocele will transilluminate

ultrasound if needed

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9
Q

varicocele treatment

A

surgery - embolization, ligation

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10
Q

hydrocele treatment

A

scrotal supports
NSAIDs

possibly surgery if symptomatic

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11
Q

acute bacterial prostatitis s/s

A

UTI symptoms + pain at the tip of the penis

firm, tender prostate

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12
Q

bacterial prostatitis treatment

A

TMP/SMX - acute
ciprofloxacin - acute/chronic

acute - 2-6 week extended treatment!
chronic - 4-12 week treatment

alpha blocker for retention

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13
Q

chronic bacterial prostatitis diagnosis

A

semen culture with 10+ WBCs

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14
Q

acute epididymitis s/s

A

gradual onset unilateral scrotal pain

negative Phrens sign - relief of pain when elevating affected testicle

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15
Q

acute epididymitis antibiotics based on cause

A

chlamydia/gonorrhea - ceftriaxone IM & doxy

anal sex - ceftriaxone IM & levofloxacin

enteric organisms - levofloxacin

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16
Q

testicular torsion s/s

A

sudden onset unilateral pain

hard, swollen, high-riding testis

loss of cremasteric reflex, positive Phrens sign (pain w elevation)

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17
Q

testicular torsion treatment

A

surgery!!!! within 6 hours

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18
Q

ED treatment

A

phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

CI in men taking nitrates ->fatal hypotension

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19
Q

purpose of PSA

A

screening for prostate cancer

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20
Q

BPH treatment

A

surgery - TURP - relieves bladder outlet obstruction

alpha blockers

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21
Q

prostate cancer diagnosis

A

PSA

needle biopsy -> Gleason score

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22
Q

risk factor for bladder cancer

A

tobacco use

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23
Q

s/s of bladder cancer

A

painless hematuria
irritative voiding symptoms

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24
Q

s/s of testicular cancer

A

nodule or painless swelling of one testicle

dull, achy lower abdomen, perineum, or scrotum

ovoid hard, firm, fixed mass

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25
testicular cancer diagnostics
alphafetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are elevated in 80% of testicular cancer (GCTs)
26
testicular cancer treatment
radical orchiectomy (testicle removal) w sperm banking
27
relative contraindications to oral contraception
smoking CV disease hypertension
28
primary dysmenorrhea
prostaglandins causing uterine contractions associated with menstrual cycle
29
secondary amenorrhea
3 months without menstrual cycle, or 6 months without in a woman with previously irregular cycles must rule out pregnancy
30
menorrhagia
heavy bleeding
31
metrorrhagia
light, irregular bleeding between periods
32
menometrorrhagia
heavy, irregular bleeding
33
salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tubes, caused by bacterial infection
34
most common microbes of salpingitis
N. gonorrhoeae C. trachomatis
35
PID exam findings
chandelier sign - marked tenderness of the cervix, uterus, and adnexa discharge, friable cervix, pain
36
PID diagnosis
sexually active with uterine/adnexal tenderness OR cervical motion tenderness may have temp, discharge, elevated ESR/CRP, evidence of gonococcal or chlamydial infection, leukocytosis definitive - endometrial biopsy, TVUS, laparoscopic abnormalities
37
complication of PID
Fitz-Hugh curtis syndrome (liver inflammation)
38
BV diagnosis
clue cells on wet mount
39
amsel criteria
for BV 3 of the following: - vaginal pH >4.5 - >20% clue cells - positive aime/whiff test - milky, white discharge
40
BV treatment
metronidazole or clindamycin
41
vulvovaginal candidiasis diagnosis
pseudo Hyphae and/or budding yeast
42
vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment
antifungals - fluconazole, miconazole
43
trichomonas treatment
metronidazole
44
trichomonas pathogen
trichomonads vaginalis
45
trichomonas presentation
strawberry cervix, frothy yellow discharge
46
chlamydia presentation
many asymptomatic women men may have some discharge/pain
47
chlamydia diagnosis
NAAT
48
chlamydia treatment
doxycycline
49
gonorrhea presentation
women - asymptomatic men - PERFUSE thick yellow discharge
50
gonorrhea tratment
ceftriaxone IM once
51
HSV type 1
cold sores
52
HSV type 2
genital lesions
53
HSV dianositcs
HSV culture, ELISA or western blot
54
HSV treatment
acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
55
syphilis pathogen
treponema pallidum
56
syphilis presentation
primary - chancre (painless, indurated ulcer) secondary - flu symptoms, rash latent - asymptomatic tertiary - systemic complications (neurosyphilis)
57
syphilis treatment
penicillin
58
testing for sexual assault
initial - HIV/STIs 6wk-3mo later - STI, HIV
59
sexual assault abx
women - doxy, metronidazole, CTX men - CTX, doxy
60
normal PSA
<6.5

NUR 718 exam 2 (5 decks)

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