GU

Question 1

Wilms Tumor

Answer 1

Wilms tumor ( nephroblastoma) is an embryonal renal neoplasm, one of the most common childhood malignancies of the GU tract. It is typically found as a firm, smooth mass in the abdomen or flank. Most Wilms tumors occur in children between 2 and 5 years old.

An important feature of WT is the occurrence of associated congenital anomalies including renal abnormalities, ambiguous genitalia, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, hemihypertrophy, aniridia, cardiac abnormalities, and Beckwith-Weidemann, Denys-Drash, and Perlman syndromes. Routine screening with renal ultrasound is indicated for patients with the features mentioned above

Question 2

Best rehydration solution for diarrhea

Answer 2

This patient is severely dehydrated; therefore, the most appropriate therapy is Lactated Ringer (LR) solution intravenously in boluses of 20 mL/kg body weight until perfusion and mental status improves. After improvement is seen, administer 100 mL/kg body weight ORS over 4 hours, or 5% dextrose in 1/2 normal saline IV at twice the maintenance fluid rates (1000 mL + 50 mL/kg for each kg over 10 kg).