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GU Flashcards

1
Q

etiologies of primary nephrotic syndrome

A

Min change dz FSGS membranous

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2
Q

etiologies of secondary nephrotic syndrome

A

DM (mc overall cause in adults) SLE amyloidosis

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3
Q

PE sg/sx of nephrotic syndrome

A

Edema, worse in the morning. In children periorbital edema. Anemia DVT

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4
Q

dx of nephrotic syndrome

A

24hr uring protein of >3.5 is gold standard oval fat bodies, or maltese cross shaped on urinalysis renal bx differentates type

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5
Q

Define nephrotic syndrome

A

Proteinurina, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema Glomerular damage cases large tubular protein loss into the urine

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6
Q

Maltese cross makes you think of

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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7
Q

Minimal change dz and FSGS tx

A

Steroids

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8
Q

AGN etiologies

A

IGA nephropathy (Berger dz) Postinfectious AGN Membrano proliveraitive GN

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9
Q

When does postinfectious AGN occur?

A

After GABHS

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10
Q

Classic sx of 2-14 yo boy w/ puffy eyelids and facial edema up to 3 weeks after strep with cola-colored urine

A

Post infectious GN

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11
Q

HTN hematuria , dependent edema and azotemia, oliguria are the hallmarks of which GU d/o

A

AGN

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12
Q

RBC casts make you think of?

A

AGN

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13
Q

Muddy brown or epithelial cell casts

A

ATN

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14
Q

White blood cell casts, pyuria

A

AIN or pyelo

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15
Q

Waxy casts

A

Chronic ATN or end stage renal dz

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16
Q

Fatty casts (maltese crosses/oval fat bodies)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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17
Q

Hyaline casts

A

Nonsepc.

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18
Q

lab indications of AKI

A

Inc Serum creat >50%, OR BUN

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19
Q

What are the three types of AKI?

A

Pre-renal Post-renal Intrinsic

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20
Q

Prerenal AKI is the result of what?

A

Reduced renal perfusion

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21
Q

Post renal AKI is result of what?

A

Obstruction of urine (stone)

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22
Q

what is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium

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23
Q

What is the most specific imaging modality for kidney stones?

A

CT

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24
Q

A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on it’s own?

A

5mm

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25
List 3 possible treatments for stress incontinence in women
Kegels estrogen tx surgical tx w/ ureteral sling
26
65 yo male presents with frequency. On DRE you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What is the most likely dx
BPH
27
PSA above what level is concerning
\>4.0
28
2 major rf's for ED
DM HTN
29
rf for bladder ca
Smoking
30
Paraphimosis
Foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced
31
Which is an emergency phimosis or paraphimosis
Paraphimosis
32
What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing curvature of the erect penis
Peyronie's dz
33
Bot desticles should be descended by what age?
3mo
34
Bag of worms on exam
Varicocele
35
Fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what?
hydrocele
36
Does spermatiacele transilluminate
yes
37
What is 1st line tx for varicocele
Watchful waiting unless there is a question of fertility
38
name the sign which is defined as dec pain w/ scrotal elevation
Prehn's sign
39
Maltese cross in urine
Nephrotic syndrome
40
What is imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder ca
cystoscopy w/ bx
41
What is the most likely dx for a free floating painless, cystic mass found post and superior to testes?
spermatocele
42
Whta age ragne is assoc. with test torsion
10-20yo
43
Where is the epididymis found?
posterior upper pole
44
What is the best imaging to r/o test. torsion
Doppler US
45
What are 2 most common causes of epididymitis
N. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
46
What meds are prescribed in order to help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetic pts
Acei or ARB
47
Whill epididymitis feel better w/ scrotal elevatio
yes
48
What is the normal level of sodium bicarb
24mEq/liter
49
What is the tx for epididymitis
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
50
What is first line abx tx for cyctitis
Bactrim
51
What is most common organsim that causes a bladder infection
E. coli
52
Tenderness at the CVA shopuld make you think of what?
pyelonephritis
53
What is the condition where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis
hypospadias or epispadias (hypo more common)
54
What is the most common org responsibble for prostatitis
E coli
55
What is the first line abx for prostatitis
Bactrim 4-6wks
56
RF for prostate ca
Age AA + fam hx High fat diet
57
DRE of pt w/ prostate ca
Enlarged prostate, nodules w/in prostate
58
Define priapism
painful persistent erection
59
Prostate bx consists of how many samples
6-12
60
Painless hematuria should make you think of what?
Bladder CA
61
What is the most common bladder ca?
transitional cell
62
define phimosis
foreskin can't be retracted
63
How do you tx urethritis
ceftriaxone and doxy
64
3 year old boy presents w/ hematuria and painless palpable abd mass
wilms tumor
65
3 causes of prerenal renal failure
CHF Dehydration Hemorrhage
66
MC cause of postrenal failure
BPH (outflow obstruction
67
Muddy brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what?
ATN
68
Tea colored urine w/ red cell casts should make you think of what
Glomerulonephritis
69
What are the two most common predisposing fx in development of CRF
HTN and DM
70
Spongey prostate on DRE
Prostatits
71
Serum potassium would be elevated or dec in renal failure
elevated
72
Uprotein of \>3.5g
Nephrotic syndrom
73
What hereditary pattern does polycistic kidney dz follow?
AD
74
ABG pH
7.35-7.45
75
What is the most accuarate way to dx urethritis
Urine PCR
76
What is considered normal PCO2
40mmHg
77
ABG shows a pH of 7.2 a bicarb of 25 and PCO2 of 50 is this respiratory or metabilic acidosis
Resp - CO2 is elevated
78
WBC casts should make you thnk of what dx
Pyelonephritis
79
PRiamry site for prostate ca
Peripheral zone
80
81
Tx for BPH
Alpha blockers 5 reductase inhibitors Surgery (TURP)
82
which BPH med provides sx relief but does not improve the clinical course
a1 blockers
83
Which BPH med provides improvement of the clinical course but no immediate sx improvement
5a reductase inhibitors
84
What medications should be avoided in pt's with BPH
anticholinergics and antihistamines
85
chryptorchidism
undescended testicle
86
What are people with Cryptorchidism more at risk for?
testicular cancer
87
at what age is orhciopexy recommended for cryptorchidism?
6mos (and before 1 year)
88
Most cryptorchidisms resolve by what age?
3mos
89
What mechanism of action provides relief in pt's with ED
PDe5 inhibitors inc NO levels and cGMP
90
Who should not use PDE5i?
pt's who use nitrates or patients w/ cardiovascular dz

PANCE study guide (14 decks)

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