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Radiology > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Female GU

A

U/s is best choice
CT not as sensitive
Plain film not of benefit

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2
Q

U/s- female

A

Gynecology including transabdominal and transvaginal imaging
Obstetric including transabdominal and transvaginal imaging
Most obstetric will be practice specific but for ER need to be familiar

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3
Q

Ordering criteria- female

A

Transvaginal vs transabdominal
Never been sexually active order transabdominal, however must have a full bladder to do the scan, if worried for sx (appy or ovarian torsion) may use IVFs or urinary catheter to fill the bladder
If sexually active, lifetime order transvaginal
First trimester, transvaginal
2nd trimester forward, order OB scan which is transabdominal

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4
Q

Indications for studies- females

A 
Isolated pelvic pain
Worrisome for ovarian torsion/appy
Infertility
Dysmenorrhea
Dyspareunia
Abnl uterine bleeding
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Post-menopausal bleeding
Early pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
Know ovarian cyst for f/u
Suspect PID
IUD placement and position check
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5
Q

What can u/s diagnose in females?

A 
Ovarian cysts
Ovarian torsion
PID/TOA/Hydrosalpinx
Ectopic pregnancies and IUPs
Reproductive CAs except cervical unless advanced
Endometrial thickness/uterine fibroids
Uterine/ovarian size
IUD placement or lack thereof
PCOS?
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6
Q

What size of ovarian cyst is at increased risk for torsion?

When is it considered surgical?

A

3 cm

6 cm

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7
Q

Tumors- female

A

Sometimes will grow in stalks around the uterus
Large fibroid- back pain during times of menstruation
Embolization of fibroids

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8
Q

What is the MC benign tumor of the uterus?

A

Fibroid

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9
Q

What is the only cyst in premenopausal women that you can say is 100% ok?

A

Unilocular

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10
Q

Bladder evaluation in males and females

A

U/s with full bladder is limited
-May see wall defect in full bladder
CT with IV contrast is limited
Definitive: cystoscopy

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11
Q

Male GU

A

U/s usually first choice
CT of pelvis may be of benefit for prostate issues
MRI useful for entire system but expensive and must be pre-approved

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12
Q

U/s- males

A

Scrotum/testicles
Penile tumors
Prostate transrectal and transperineal

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13
Q

Ordering criteria- males

A

Transrectal vs transperineal will be decided ordered by urology during that consult
Scrotal u/s
Penile u/s, clinical dx very important

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14
Q

Indications for studies- males

A 
Scrotal/testicular pain
Scrotal/testicular injury
Dysuria
Painful intercourse
Groin pain
Palpable mass
Skin changes to either scrotum or penis
Edema of either scrotum or penis
ED
Infertility
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15
Q

What can u/s diagnose- males

A 
Orchitis
Epididymitis
Varicocele
Hydrocele
Testicular torsion
Testicular CA
Penile CA
Epididymal cysts
Lymphedema
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16
Q

Testicular tumors are _______

A

Highly vascularized

17
Q

Epididymal cysts

A

Posterior shadow

Benign unless they get really, really big

18
Q

Breast and thyroid modalities

A

Mammography
U/s
Nuclear medicine
MRI

19
Q

Breast imaging indications

A

Know age recommendations for annual screenings, if close relative under age of 50 yrs will need to start sooner
Special views recommended by radiologist
U/s for palpable masses only think young pts with fibrocystic breasts, or if radiologist recommends
MRI excellent diagnostic tool but difficult to get approved and for pts to lie still d/t positioning

20
Q

What can be diagnosed with breast imaging

A 
CA
Cysts
Fibroadenomas
Abscesses
Imaging guided bxs
21
Q

What is the indication of cysts that are wider than tall?

Ones that are taller than wide?

A

Usually benign

Usually tumor

22
Q

Thyroid imaging

A

U/s
NM
CT but not the standard

23
Q

Indications for ordering thyroid imaging

A

Abnl labs
Dysphagia
Abnl PE
Usually start with u/s first then if NM needed radiologist will recommend

24
Q

What can be diagnosed with thyroid imaging?

A 
Goiters
CA
Nodules
Cysts
Thyroid function
25
Q

Nuclear medicine and thyroid

A 
Hot nodules (uptake the iodine in the radioisotope primary benign)
Cold nodules (do not uptake the iodine, 85% benign)
To bx or not to bx
26
Q

Thyroid progression of results

A 
Symptomatic pt
Labs may be nl or abnl
U/s- nodule/nodules seen
Nuclear medicine- cold vs hot
Refer to ENT or IR for bx, usually u/s guided
27
Q

Soft tissue imaging

A

U/s

CT scans with and without contrast if possible

28
Q

Palpable masses/abscesses

A

Can be anywhere in soft tissues
If no skin changes, no worry of abscess- u/s appropriate
If skin changes/fever/chills/worrisome for abscess- CT of area with and without contrast
U/s is actually appropriate any time, however, if abscess is extensive, surgeons usually prefer CT

Radiology (4 decks)

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