GU Flashcards
(192 cards)
1
Q
Name the microscopic unit of the kidney
A
nephron
2
Q
name the main artery leading into the kidney
A
renal
3
Q
what artery is a direct branch off a major vessel
A
aorta
4
Q
the kidney is enclosed in 3 layers. name 2 of them
A
true capsule ( intermost layer) renial fascia (middle layer)
5
Q
name the funnel-shaped upper most proximal end of the uretery
A
renal pelvis
6
Q
the kidney pedicle is composed of 2 structures name them
A
renal artery, renal vein
7
Q
the kidneys are located in what space
A
retroperitoneal spae
8
Q
name the concave notch in the kidney thru which the ureter, arteries and veins enter and exit
A
hilum
9
Q
name the small triangular area near the mouth of the bladder, located between the urteral orifice and urethra
A
trigone
10
Q
what is the largest metabolic waste constituent of urine
A
urea
11
Q
the mucosal folds of the inner bladder are called what
A
rugae
12
Q
the renal pyramids make up the what
A
renal medulla
13
Q
name the diagnostic procedure of:
- 20-30 cc of radiopaque dye is injected intravenously and time is noted when excretion begins from the kidneys
- a flate-plate xray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder demonstrating their size, shape, and location in relation to other pelvic organs
- injection of radiopaque dye through a cystoscope using a ureteral catheter. dye enters the ureters with back flow into the kidneys done during cystoscopy
A
- intravenous pyelogram
2 KUB
3 Retrograde pyelogram
14
Q
name the type of catheter whose primary function is to dliate narrow strictures of urethra
A
filiform and follower
15
Q
what does BPH stand for
A
benign prostatic hyperplasia
16
Q
BPH is a cancerous, malignant enlargement of the prostate
A
false
17
Q
regarding a resectoscope, what is hooked to what
1 telescope
2 sheath
3 working element
A
1 light cord
2 irrigation tubing
3 bovie cord
18
Q
name the irrigation tubing used in the cysto room that has 1 port
A
cysto tubing
19
Q
name the irrigation tubing which has 2 ports, allowing 2 bags of fluid to be hung at 1 time
A
TUR tubing
20
Q
alcohol, a bacteriostatic agent, is used for cleaning a cystoscope
A
false
21
Q
name the instrument used to dilate the
1 male urethra
2 female sounds
A
1 van burren
2 otis bougie
22
Q
list 3 features a cysto table has that a regular OR table does not have
A
wider, x-ray machine directly attached, electric
23
Q
list 6 items that you would find on a cystoscopy back table set up
A
obturator, resectoscope, stopcock, dye, catheter, KY lube
24
Q
name the sterile isotonic, non hemolytic solution used during a TUR-P
A
glycine
mannitol
25
where do the kidneys lay?
under the dome of the diaphragm
26
where are the kidneys found
retroperitoneal space
27
what are the kidneys not in
abdominal cavity and peritoneum
28
how many layers are the kidneys enclosed with
3
29
what are the layers surrounding the kidneys called
1 true capsule
2 renal fascia
3 peri-renal fat
30
what are the layers in the kidney
cortex and medulla
31
what do the renal pyramids empty into
calcyes
32
what is the renal pelvis
upper end of ureter
33
what is the hilum notch
place where renal artery enter kidney and renal vein and ureter leave
34
what collects urine from the renal pyramids
renal calyces
35
where do the renal artery and renal vein connect to kidney
kidney pedicle
36
what is the direct branch off of the aorta
renal artery
37
what drains directly into the vena cava
renal vein
38
is the kidney highly vascular
yes
39
what connect kidney to bladder
ureters
40
how many layers does the bladder have
4
41
what are the 4 layers of the bladder
mucosal- innermost
submucosal
muscular
serosal- outermost
42
small triangular area near mouth of bladder formed by ureteral orifices and urethral opening
trigone
43
are of tissued between symphisis pubis and bladder where sutures are anchored
space of retzius
44
urination is controlled by circular muscles called
spinchters
45
what passes thru the prostate gland and penis
urethra
46
what is a physician specializing in GU disease
urologist
47
what are some problems treated in both male and females
urinary incontinence
bladder stones
tumors, cancer
adrenal disease
48
what are GU surgeries classified as
open and closed
49
how is open performed
in OR room involves surgical incision
50
how is closed performed
in cysto room, fiberoptic scope, inserted thru urethra
51
what are some advantages of closed surgeries
no incision, less chance of infection, decreased hospital stay, quicker recovery period
52
specific conditions related to age groups
1 pre adolescents
2 men 20's 30's
middle age and older
1 bedwetting, urethral strictures, hydrocele, wilms tumor
2 testicular cacer, hydrocele, vasectomy, calculi bladder
3 calculi, hydrocele, tumor, prostatic disease impotence
53
what provide valuable information regarding function and health of urinary system
urinalysis
54
what does urinalysis measure
cells-RBC-WBC
55
what does protein indicate
renal disease, poor nutrition
| normally not present in urine
56
what does sugar indicate
diabetes
| normally not present in urine
57
what does clarity indicate
color, clearness
| if cloudy could indicate bacterial infection
58
what are some types of blood test
creatinine level, BUN, uric acid level, Prostate-specific antigen
59
what is the most common blood test
creatinine level
60
what are some types of renal scans
x-ray, CT scan, MRI, Ultrasound
61
what measures amount of time it take the kidneys to excrete dye- and indicates kidney function
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
62
what is a retrograge pyelogram
10-20cc of radiopaque dye is injected thru a ureteral catheter during a cystoscopy
63
is dye used in a KUB
no
64
what does a kub show
size, shape and location of kidneys, ureters and bladder
65
what do urodynamic studies do
measure performance
66
should non absorbable suture used on the urinary tract
NO it would be the nucleus for a stone
67
name an instrument that can be used to strip the periosteum from the ribs during a nephrectomy
doyen or alexander elevator
68
what is the most common incision used for a nephrectomy
flank
69
silk suture may be used to repair the kidney, ureter or bladder
false
70
what instrument can be used to remove a stone lodged in one of the renal calyces
randal stone forcep
71
describe renal colic
intense pain, intermittent pain caused by stone passing through ureter
72
name the procedure in which shock waves are used to fragment urological stones
lithotripsy
73
during a kidney transplant, the donor kidney is transplanted in the iliac fossa
true
74
what major problem must be resolved after kidney transplantation
rejection
75
define pyelolithotomy
incision of renal pelvis of kidney for removal of kidney stone
76
name 2 kidney 2 kidney pedicle clamps which could be used to clamp the renal artery and vein during a nephrectomy
satinksky
| herrick
77
how is a kidney/ ureteral stone sent to pathology
dry container
78
name the 2 groups of pelvic lymph nodes that are removed during a radical retropubic prostatectomy and sent to pathology for analysis
iliac
| obturator
79
what diagnostic procedure can be performed for patients with possible prostate cancer
prostate biopsy
80
what blood test can be done to aid in diagnosis
PSA
81
name the type of anesthesia most often used for TURP
spinal
82
name a type of urinary diversion procedure
ilio conduit
83
what retractor could be used for bladder/ prostate surgery
mason judd
84
the location of the surgical incision used for a suprapubic prostatectomy would be
low abdominal- transverse or longitudinal
85
name 2 types of surgical procedures that can be performed to treat female urinary stress incontinence
staney procedure
| tvt sling
86
lack of control over urination is called
stress incontinence
87
what is used by the surgeon to intermittently remove prostatic tissue fragments during a TURP
elik
88
circumcision involves the removal of what structure
prepuce
89
what surgical procedure treats cryptorchidism
orchidopexy
90
name the procedure that reverses a male vasectomy
vasocasostomy
91
name the congenital defect where the male urethral is found on the:
underside of the penis:
topside of penis:
Hypospadias
| Episadias
92
name the surgery where the high ligation of the gonadal veins is done to reduce venous plexus congestion
varicoceletcomy
93
define orchiectomy
removal testis
94
what structure is excised when performing a hydrocelectomy
tunac vaginalis
95
what other condition can be associated with a child presenting with a hydrocele
inguinal hernia
96
what condition would a urethral meatotomy be performed for
pin point meatus
97
what catheter is used for temporary drainage of bladder (straight cath)
robinson red rubber
98
what is the most common catheter
retention foley
99
foley 3 way catheter 2 and 3rd port are used for what
2nd port connect to drainage bag
| 3rd port used for irrigating bladder (used after TURP)
100
does saline get sent with patient
yes its attached to catheter
101
ureteral catheters are what types
open and closed
| size 3 to 8.5 fr
102
what is the use for a ureteral catheter
perform a retrograde pyelogram, obtain sterile urine
| can light up ureters
103
what stent keeps ureteral lumen open
J stent
104
types of irrigation for closed ureteral catheters
sterile water
| sterile saline
105
can water and saline be used with electrocautery
NO conducts electricity
106
what can be used with electro cautery
isotonic, non-hemolytic
107
how many ports does cysto tubing have
single port
| used for cystoscopy 1 bag of fluid needed
108
how many ports does TUR tubing have
double port
used for TUR-B, TUR-P
several bags of fluid needed
109
what types of evacuators are there
Toomey syringe
| elik evacuator
110
what are the uses for an evacuator
irrigate bladder, aspirate stone fragments, resected tissue, blood clots
111
what should you never use to clean a scope
alcohol
112
what does a fiberoptic light cord attach to
scope
113
what does irrigation tubing attach to
sheath (stopcock)
114
what use electric current to resect and cauterize tissue
working elements
115
what working elements is spring action operates with 1 hand and is most common one used
Iglesias
116
what working element are both hands needed to operate it and rack and pinion action
mcCarthy
117
what working element attaches to resectoscope has roller ball. cutting loop and Collins knife
electrodes
118
what is a cystoscopy
visualization of
| urethra, bladder neck, bladder, ureteral orifices, prostate in male
119
what can a cystoscopy diagnose
bladder tumors, diverticulum
120
what is a kidney composed of
minerals and salts
121
what type of stone has jagged edges, continues to enlarge and can fill entire renal pelvis
staghorn
122
what type of stone can be size of an orange, can fill most of bladder
bladder stone
123
what is hydronephrosis
dull constant pain, stone is blocking urine outflow from renal pelvis
124
what is the removal of a kidney called
nephrectomy
125
what is a wilms tumor
cancner in kidney
126
what is hardening of the small blood vessel and arterioles in the kidney caused by hypertension
nephrosclerosis
127
what term is used to refer to several renal disorders characterized by the inflammation of the glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
128
what is the most common position of nephrectomy
lateral
129
what does the radical nephrectomy include
excision of kidney, perirenal fat, lymph nodes, gerota fascia and adrenal glan
130
what is excised in hemi nehprectomy
portion of kidney
131
what is a removal of kidney and its entire ureter
nephroureterectomy
132
what is a pyeloplasty
revision or plastic reconstruction of the renal pelvis
133
what is the position for pyeloplasty
lateral
134
a catheter is placed into renal pelvis for temporary urinary diversion to outside of body is what
nephrostomy
135
what procedure is done for acute renal falure due to end stage renal disease (affects both kidney)
kidney dialysis
136
what type of kidney dialysis means use of an artificial kidney machine to cleanse blood
hemodialysis
137
what kidney dialysis procedure means permanent soft catheter placed into peritoneal cavity for dialysis
peritoneal dialysis
138
why is kidney transplant done
end stage renal disease
139
once the patient gets a kidney transplant do they need to be on immunosuppressive drug for the rest of their life>
yes
140
what are the endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys
adrenal gland
141
what are adrenal glands responsible for
releasing hormones
142
what position is a adrenalectomy done In and what type of incsions
lateral
| flank/lumbar
143
what are some goals for bladder surgeries
tighten and restore the anterior urethral vesicle angle
144
vesicourethral suspension is also referred as what
marshall- marchetti kranz
145
what position in for vesicourethral suspension
moderate trandelenburg, frog legged
146
what procedure is fascial attachments of bladder are suspended to the rectus fascia with suture
stamey procedure
147
what postion is the stamey procedure
lithotomy
148
what type of sling is composed of polypropylene encased in a plastic sleeve
tvt sling
149
for a suprapubic cystolithotomy where is the incision made
into the bladder
150
if bladder cancer is well differentiated and not invasive into urethra what may be created
neobladder
151
what is a TURBT done with
resectoscope
152
what does the epididymis do
secretes seminal fluid, where sperm matures
153
what does the vas deferens provide
an opening for the spermatic cord
154
what has 2 membranous piches which unite with the vas deferens
seminal vesicles
155
what enhances sperm motility
alkaline
156
what 2 things join to make the ejaculatory duct
seminal vessels and vas deferens
157
what does the prostate surround
urethra
158
how many lobes does the prostate have
4
right and left lateral
medial and lateral
159
what gland neutralizes any acidic urine present
cowpers gland
160
what does semen consist of
sperm, secretions of seminal vesicles, prostae and bulbourethral glands
161
what means twisiting of the spermatic cord
testicular torsion
162
what is performed after the torsion is reduced to prevent any future occurence
orchiopexy
163
what is the most common surgery for male infertility
varicocelectomy
164
what procedure seals off affected veins are redirects them
varicocelectomy
165
what is a spermatocelectomy
removal of a tumor mass
| which results from an obstruction in epidymis
166
during a hydrocelectomy what is being excised
tunica vagunalis
167
why would an adult male have a circumcision done
phimosis
168
what is the name of the procedure for undescended testicle
orchidopexy
169
what term means fetal life, teses develop near kidney in abdominal cavity
cryptorchidism
170
where is the meatus found
underside of the penis
171
what is a surgical correction of the urethral meatus
hypospadius repair
172
procedure meaning urethral opening is found on dorsum of the penis
epispadius
173
what does penectomy mean
partial or total removal of a cancerous penis
174
what is the 2nd most common cancer in males
prostate cancer
175
suprapubic prostatectomy is done for what type of disease
benign
176
where is the incision located on for simple retropubic prostatectomy
is the bladder entered
low verticle midline or pfannenstiel
| no
177
during a simple perineal prostatectomy if the biopsy is positive what will occur
radical prostatectomy
178
a congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens on the under side of the penis or on the perineum is
hypospadius
179
an embryonal, adenomyosarcoma of the kidney that occurs predominately in children is called
wilms tumor
180
what is not found in normal urine
protein
181
what instruments should be on a setup for a TUPR
resectoscope, sheaths and cutting electrodes
182
what is the catheter of choice for dilating narrow strictures
filliform followers
183
an electrohydraulic cystolithotripter may be used to break up stones by using
shock waves initiated by electric current
184
name the type of surgical approach to the kidney which requires placement of a chest tube before closure
thoraco abdominal
185
in order for a patient to undergo dialysis they must have and av shunt what type of shunt
artificial gortex graft
186
another name for vesical urethral suspension is
raz procedure
187
a type of bladder evacuator is
elik
188
a catheter used for temporary or permanent urinary drainage is called
foley catheter
189
resection of the prostate gland done through the urethra
turp
190
penile straightening and urethral reconstruction usually done in 2 or more stages
hypospadias repar
191
visual inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of endoscope
cystoscopy
192
non malignant enlargement of the prostate is called
BPH
