GU

Question 1

S&S of lower UTI

Answer 1

**dysuria=key sxs

Question 2

Diagnosis of UTI

Answer 2

• UA= pyuria (>10 WBCs)
• presence of nitrate (very specific, but not sensitive test for bacteriuria)
• esterase (very sensitive, but not specific)

Question 3

Common abx in treatment of lower & upper UTI

Answer 3

-Bactrim -Cipro -Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate)

Question 4

Duration of abx in lower UTI

Answer 4

3 days

Question 5

Duration of abx in upper UTI

Answer 5

14 day

Question 6

S&S of upper UTI

Answer 6

-flank, low back pain, abd pain may be present -fever , chills -N/V -**mental status changes in elderly

Question 7

systemic changes are not evident until overall renal function is _________.

Answer 7

<20-25% of normal

Question 8

Normal BUN

Answer 8

10-20

Question 9

Normal Cr

Answer 9

0.5-1.5

Question 10

Normal BUN/Cr ratio

Answer 10

10:1

Question 11

diminished renal reserve

Answer 11

50% nephron loss; Cr doubles

Question 12

Renal Insuffiiciency

Answer 12

75% nephron loss; mild azotemia present

Question 13

ESRD

Answer 13

90% nephron loss, azotemia, metabolic alterations

Question 14

Criteria for dialysis

Answer 14

*AEIOU* acidosis electrolyte imbalance (Ca++, K+) intoxication oliguria uremia

Question 15

In chronic renal failure, what are the limitations with protein?

Answer 15

40g/d

Question 16

most common cause of intrinsic renal failure

Answer 16

nephrotoxic agents

Question 17

Normal urine specific gravity

Answer 17

1.010-1.030

Question 18

Prerenal disease 1.serum BUN/Cr ratio: 2. UNa: 3. Specific gravity: 4. urinary sediment: 5. FENa:

Answer 18

1. >10:1 (usu 20:1) 2. <20 3. >1.015 4. nL/few hyaline casts 5. <1

Question 19

Intrarenal Disease 1.serum BUN/Cr ratio: 2. UNa: 3. Specific gravity: 4. urinary sediment: 5. FENa:

Answer 19

1. 10:1 2. >40 3. <1.015 4. *granular/white casts 5. >3

Question 20

Postrenal Disease 1.serum BUN/Cr ratio: 2. UNa: 3. Specific gravity: 4. urinary sediment: 5. FENa:

Answer 20

1. 10:1 2. >40 3. >1.015 4. normal 5. usu >3

Question 21

Calcium Renal calculi are more common in which gender?

Answer 21

men

Question 22

what type of stone accounts of 80% of renal calculi?

Answer 22

calcium

Question 23

what type of renal calculi is more common in women?

Answer 23

struvite

Question 24

Diagnostic tests for renal calculi?

Answer 24

**CT -xray

Question 25

Management of renal calculi?

Answer 25

-hydration -analagesia (trio) 1. dilaudid or morphine, 2. toradol (ketorolac), 3. reglan -if stone obstructing flow or + infection--\>need removal (extracoporeal, percutaneous lithotripsy or cystoscopy if larger)

Question 26

Diagnostic workup of BPH

Answer 26

\*\*UA (r/o infection) PSA (\>4ng/ml=abnormal)

Question 27

Medications used in the treatment of BPH

Answer 27

alpha blockers ("cin"/"sin") 5-alpha reductase inhibitors ("rides")

Question 28

Terazocin (hytrin) is what class of med?

Answer 28

alpha antagonist

Question 29

Finasteride (proscar) is what class of med?

Answer 29

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

Question 30

Prazocin (minipress) is what class of med?

Answer 30

alpha antagonist

Question 31

Dutasteride (avodart) is what class of med?

Answer 31

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

Question 32

Tamsulosin (flomax) is what class of med?

Answer 32

alpha antagonist

Question 33

What types of meds should be avoided that worsen BPH sxs?

Answer 33

OTC antihistamines (benadryl) decongestants (pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline -afrin spray) SSRIs

Question 34

Calculation for creatinine clearance?

Answer 34

(140-age) x (weight-kg)/ 72 x serum Cr \*multiply calculated value by .85 for females

Question 35

normal CrCl for males \<40yr

Answer 35

107-139ml/min or 1.8-2.3ml/sec (\*\*dec by 6.5ml/min for every 10 yr after age 20)

Question 36

normal CrCl for females \<40yr

Answer 36

87-107ml/min or 1.5-1.8ml/sec (\*\*dec by 6.5ml/min for every 10 yr after age 20)

Question 37

most common illness for adults \>65yr

Answer 37

UTI

Question 38

Differential dx of testicular pain?

Answer 38

kidney stone torsion epidydimitis

Question 39

Which disease state will there be a loss of the cremastor reflex?

Answer 39

torsion

Question 40

What class of medications would be contraindicated w/renal angiogram?

Answer 40

ACEIs