GU

Question 1

Urolithiasis

Answer 1

stones found in the urinary tract

Question 2

Affects ability of the bladder muscles to tighten or release due to nerve damage. Problem controlling the bladder from nerve damage

Answer 2

Neurogenic Bladder

Question 3

Results from recurrent urinary tract infection.

Answer 3

Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)

Question 4

This may occur as a result of long-term dialysis, use of NSAIDs, kidney stones, and hepatitis C.

Answer 4

renal cancer

Question 5

Urine drains automatically through opening created in the abdominal wall and skin. Fastest and simplest to perform and care for.

Answer 5

noncontinent ileal conduit

Question 6

S/S: Severe, acute pain accompanied by n/v

Answer 6

ureteral calculi

Question 7

S/S: Urinary urgency, frequency, lower back pain, foul-smelling urine

Answer 7

Cystitis

Question 8

S/S: May be painless with intermittent hematuria. Pelvic of flank pain in metastasis

Answer 8

bladder cancer

Question 9

S/S: Hematuria, blood in the semen, reduction in urine stream, back pain

Answer 9

prostate cancer

Question 10

S/S: Dull, aching pain in flank or abdomen, colicky, hematuria, or palpable mass in the flank

Answer 10

renal cancer

Question 11

Cystoscope is introduced into the bladder for direct visualization of the bladder and urethra

Answer 11

cytoscopy

Question 12

Placed with a guide wire under fluoroscopy to open areas of blockage by renal calculi and allow urine to drain

Answer 12

stent

Question 13

Treatment with analgesia, hydration, and dietary management

Answer 13

renal calculi

Question 14

Noninvasive procedure in which renal and ureteral stones are pulverized into smaller fragments by shock waves.

Answer 14

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 15

Surgery done to remove part of the prostate gland, amount of tissue to be removed is relatively small. Requires no incision. Gland is removed in small chips.

Answer 15

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

Question 16

Medication: Patients are instructed not to take this 48 hours prior to and after receiving contrast dye.

Answer 16

metformin (Glucophage)

Question 17

Medication: Urinary anesthetic used to treat urinary tract infections.

Answer 17

pyridium (Phenazopyridine)

Question 18

Medication: Improves flow, relax the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate.

Answer 18

alpha-adrenergic blocking agents (Hytrin, Cardura, FloMax)

Question 19

Medication: Treatment for recurrent urinary tract infection and contraindicated for sulfa allergies, asthma. Should not be used if received in the past 3 months.

Answer 19

TMP-SMZ (Bactrim DS)

Question 20

Sulfanomides, Fluroquinolones, and Penicillins.

Answer 20

Treat UTI’s

Question 21

A document that permits the Urologist to perform a Cystoscopy

Answer 21

informed consent

Question 22

Drink 2-3 L of water daily, wipe perineum from front to back, and avoid bubble baths.

Answer 22

Prevent UTI

Question 23

Monthly examination of the testicles to identify masses and any changes.

Answer 23

testicular self examination

Question 24

Semen storage after diagnosis, before radiation therapy and chemotherapy

Answer 24

testicular storage

Question 25

What are the components of co-trimoxazole

Answer 25

Co-trimoxazole is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and is in a class of medications called sulfonamides.

Question 26

What is the rationale for combining the components of co-trimoxazole?

Answer 26

work better to disrupt FOLATE SYNTHESIS

Question 27

If patient is also on warfarin (Coumadin), what effects does co-trimoxazole have on Coumadin? Would you expect the Coumadin dose be increased or decreased?

Answer 27

I would expect it to be decreased due to this medication increasing the effects of Coumadin.

Question 28

KUB. Used to diagnose stones

Answer 28

X-ray of kidneys, urtreters and bladder

Question 29

Nurses role in IVP (intravenous pylogram)

Answer 29

assess allergies to iodine and shellfish , pregnant? nursing?, impaired renal function? metformin?

Question 30

diagnosing stones

Answer 30

KUB, pyleogram, 24 hour urine, U/S, CT scan,

Question 31

When analyzed, most stones are

Answer 31

calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate.

Question 32

Manifestations of UTI -

Answer 32

Blood in the urine (hematuria), Increased frequency of urination, Nausea and vomiting Pain during urination (stinging, burning), Tenderness in the abdomen and kidney region Urinary tract infection (fever, chills, loss of appetite). Pain most common symptom Renal colic : Sudden onset unilateral flank pain, severe enough to cause the patient to go to the ED. Pain fluctuates in intensity, nausea present.

Question 33

renal calculi complications

Answer 33

infection, blockage, hydronephrosis

Question 34

Use of shock waves generated outside the body. Repeated shock waves pulverise the stones into fragments

Answer 34

lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 35

post care of lithotripsy

Answer 35

Observe for signs of bleeding Monitor vital signs every hour Monitor urine output for amount, color, clarity first 48 hours Observe for increased bruising at side treated Note any leakage (catheter), s/s of infection

Question 36

common causes of neurogenic bladder

Answer 36

vaginal birth, cerebral disorders, diabetes, brain or spinal cord infections, MS, Parkinsons disease

Question 37

accurate predictor of UTI

Answer 37

urinalysis with positive nitrate and pyuria and/or bacteria

Question 38

antibiotic treatment for UTI sulfonamide (main one)

Answer 38

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) Bactrim/Septra Bactrim DS should not be used if a patient has received it For treatment of UTIs during the previous 3 months

Question 39

two more antibiotics for UTI that are not sulfonamides

Answer 39

``` Fluroquinolones: e.g cipro Reserved for complicated cystitis Bactrim and Fluroquinolones-side effect of yeast infection Penicillins: Amoxicillin ```

Question 40

urinary analgesic

Answer 40

pyridium (Phenazopyridine)

Question 41

Can develop on the surface of the bladder wall or grow within the bladder wall and invade underlying muscles. Starts at base of bladder and involve the openings to the ureters and the bladder neck.

Answer 41

bladder cancer

Question 42

More common in men over age 50 More common in populated industrial areas Environmental carcinogens

Answer 42

bladder cancer

Question 43

S/S: high BP and obesity, tobacco use, longer term dialysis, kidney stones, chronic hep C, exposure to chemicals, estrogen therapy, polycystic kidney disease

Answer 43

renal cancer

Question 44

early manifestations of kidney cancer

Answer 44

asymptomatic initially, blood in urine, dull pain, lower back mass

Question 45

late manifestations of kidney cancer

Answer 45

weight loss, weakness, fatigue, exhaustion, hight calcium levels in the blood, anemia, fever

Question 46

non surgical treatment of kidney cancer

Answer 46

renal artery embolization, chemotherapy, biological response modifier, stem cell transplant, vaccination

Question 47

most common invasive cancer in men and second most common cause of cancer death in men

Answer 47

prostate cancer

Question 48

Risk factors: high fat diet, obesity, over 50, african and carribean background, elevated testosterone, STI increase risk

Answer 48

prostate cancer

Question 49

Early S/S of prostate cancer

Answer 49

urinary complaints, urinary retention, urinary frequency, nocturia, reduction of urine stream, hematuria, back pain

Question 50

Late S/S of prostate cancer

Answer 50

weight loss/no appetite, anemia, bone pain, spinal cord compression, neuro deficits from spinal cord compression, urethral obstruction caused by prostate growth

Question 51

Diagnostic studies for prostate cancer

Answer 51

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA. 3 consecutive measurements of specimens over at least 18-24 months), Digital rectal exam (needle biopsy), Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

Question 52

painless lump or mass on testicle, heaviness in scrotum, backache, abdominal pain, weight loss, general weakness

Answer 52

testicular cancer (usually get at 15-35 years)

Question 53

90% of testicular cancers are

Answer 53

germ cell germinal tumors