GU Basics Flashcards
1
Q
Urinary System Functions
A
- Cleanses wastes left in the blood
- -> Urea- bi product of proteins
- -> Excretes avg .8 to 2 L urine per day (2 L intake) - Keeps water balanced in the body
- -> Kidney senses extracellular volume & O2 tension
- -> Balances fluid by excretion of sodium and water - Production of erythropoietin
- -> Red cell production
- -> Blood supply (and sodium reabsorption) determine hematocrit balanced at 45%
2
Q
Kidneys
A
Anatomy:
- Kidney bean shaped fist size
- Mid thoracic, below costal margin
Physiology:
- Cleansing occurs in filter systems = nephrons
- Nephron + capillary system = glomerulus
- Renal tubule drains this glomerulus
3
Q
Ureters
A
- Hollow tubes that drain kidneys to bladder (8-10 cm in length)
- Muscles in tube walls contract and relax to force urine to the bladder
4
Q
Bladder
A
- Hollow balloon shaped organ
- Held in place by ligaments attached to other organs
- Expands to store urine until chosen (16 oz for 2-5 hours)
- Nerves in bladder alert the need to empty
- Sphincter muscles stay contracted to keep urine from leaking
5
Q
Urethra & Sphincters
A
- Drains urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus
- Men: 22 cm (avg) and carries semen
- Women: 4 cm
- Internal sphincter- at proximal urethra, muscle, prohibits release of urine
- External sphincter-somatic control
6
Q
Male Genital Function
A
Anatomy: Prostate Testicles Epididymis Penis
Physiology:
Sperm and semen production
Erection/ejaculation
7
Q
Nocturia
A
Urination at night time
7
Q
Nocturia
A
Urination at night time
8
Q
Oliguria
A
Small amount of urination
8
Q
Oliguria
A
Small amount of urination
9
Q
Anuria
A
Lack of urination
9
Q
Anuria
A
Lack of urination
10
Q
Enuresis
A
Involuntary urination
- Nighttime enuresis = bed wetting in kids
10
Q
Enuresis
A
Involuntary urination
- Nighttime enuresis = bed wetting in kids
11
Q
Hypo/Epi-spadias
A
Urethral meatus is above or below the anatomic position
