GU Basics Flashcards
(22 cards)
Urinary System Functions
- Cleanses wastes left in the blood
- -> Urea- bi product of proteins
- -> Excretes avg .8 to 2 L urine per day (2 L intake) - Keeps water balanced in the body
- -> Kidney senses extracellular volume & O2 tension
- -> Balances fluid by excretion of sodium and water - Production of erythropoietin
- -> Red cell production
- -> Blood supply (and sodium reabsorption) determine hematocrit balanced at 45%
Kidneys
Anatomy:
- Kidney bean shaped fist size
- Mid thoracic, below costal margin
Physiology:
- Cleansing occurs in filter systems = nephrons
- Nephron + capillary system = glomerulus
- Renal tubule drains this glomerulus
Ureters
- Hollow tubes that drain kidneys to bladder (8-10 cm in length)
- Muscles in tube walls contract and relax to force urine to the bladder
Bladder
- Hollow balloon shaped organ
- Held in place by ligaments attached to other organs
- Expands to store urine until chosen (16 oz for 2-5 hours)
- Nerves in bladder alert the need to empty
- Sphincter muscles stay contracted to keep urine from leaking
Urethra & Sphincters
- Drains urine from the bladder to the urethral meatus
- Men: 22 cm (avg) and carries semen
- Women: 4 cm
- Internal sphincter- at proximal urethra, muscle, prohibits release of urine
- External sphincter-somatic control
Male Genital Function
Anatomy: Prostate Testicles Epididymis Penis
Physiology:
Sperm and semen production
Erection/ejaculation
Nocturia
Urination at night time
Nocturia
Urination at night time
Oliguria
Small amount of urination
Oliguria
Small amount of urination
Anuria
Lack of urination
Anuria
Lack of urination
Enuresis
Involuntary urination
- Nighttime enuresis = bed wetting in kids
Enuresis
Involuntary urination
- Nighttime enuresis = bed wetting in kids
Hypo/Epi-spadias
Urethral meatus is above or below the anatomic position
Hypo/Epi-spadias
Urethral meatus is above or below the anatomic position
Varicocele
Varices around the testicles
Varicocele
Varices around the testicles
Phymosis/Paraphymosis
Phymosis-inability to retract the foreskin
Paraphymosis-inability to unretract the foreskin
Phymosis/Paraphymosis
Phymosis-inability to retract the foreskin
Paraphymosis-inability to unretract the foreskin
GU H+P
- Abdominal pain/flank pain
- Urine: quantity, color, odor, hematuria
- Urination: frequency, force of stream, leaking, incontinence (e.g. stress - w/ sneezing), pain (during or after)
GU H+P
- Abdominal pain/flank pain
- Urine: quantity, color, odor, hematuria
- Urination: frequency, force of stream, leaking, incontinence (e.g. stress - w/ sneezing), pain (during or after)
