GU CME - Sheet1

Question 1

Which renal function is most sensitive to dehydration?

Answer 1

BUN

Question 2

How will the urine appear with intrinsic renal disease?

Answer 2

Casts (WBC, RBC, granular, epithelial) and protein

Question 3

What is a new bio-marker for detecting acute kidney injury?

Answer 3

Cystatin C

Question 4

What ultrasound finding indicates a chronic renal problem?

Answer 4

A small kidney less then 10cm

Question 5

What are indications for dialysis?

Answer 5

Acidosis, electrolyte disorder, fluid overload, uremic complications

Question 6

What are the most common causes of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 6

DM, HTN, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease

Question 7

What are three abnormal symptoms of renal failure?

Answer 7

Metallic taste, hiccups and pruritus

Question 8

What is the gold standard for identifying renal disease?

Answer 8

GFR

Question 9

What is the marker for kidney disease?

Answer 9

Proteinuria

Question 10

What diagnostic test looks for recent strep infection and is helpful in evaluating post streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 10

ASO Titer

Question 11

How do we define nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 11

Excretion of more than 3.5grams of protein (per 1.73m2) of body surface area

Question 12

What are the manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 12

Hypoalbuminemia, lipiduria, hypercholesterolemia and edema

Question 13

What is a key finding in the urine for nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 13

Oval fat body in urine

Question 14

What is the diagnostic method of choice for polycystic renal disease?

Answer 14

Ultrasound

Question 15

What are 80% of kidney stones made up from?

Answer 15

Calcium

Question 16

What stones are produced by infections?

Answer 16

Struvite stones

Question 17

What is the modality of choice in identifying kidney stones?

Answer 17

CT scan Abd/pelvis without contrast

Question 18

What are the 5 causes of Diabetes insipidus?

Answer 18

Inherited, lithium, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia or renal disease

Question 19

What urine osmolality points to DI?

Answer 19

<250 mOsm/kg

Question 20

How is diabetes insipidus treated?

Answer 20

Intranasal desmopressin

Question 21

What medication should be administered to patients with hyperkalemia and EKG changes?

Answer 21

Calcium gluconate

Question 22

What are the EKG changes in hyperkalemia?

Answer 22

Peaking of T waves, QRS wide and flat P waves

Question 23

What treatment is used to remove potassium from the body?

Answer 23

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

Question 24

Name the classic sign of hypocalcemia that is identified by tapping on the cheek?

Answer 24

Chvostek sign

Question 25

Name the classic sign of hypocalcemia that is identified by tourniquet-ing off the arm with a BP cuff?

Answer 25

Trousseau sign

Question 26

What is the suggested treatment for cystitis?

Answer 26

Fluoroquinolone or nitrofurantoin for 3-5 days

Question 27

What medications will change your urine red/orange?

Answer 27

Phenazopyridine and Rifampin

Question 28

What is the most common bug to cause pyelonephritis?

Answer 28

E.Coli

Question 29

What is the recommended treatment for prostatitis?

Answer 29

Cipro 500mg BID, Levoquin 500mg daily for 2- 6 weeks or TMP-SMZ BID for 6 weeks

Question 30

What is the bug in male patient with epididymitis less than 35 years old?

Answer 30

GC/Chlamydia

Question 31

What is the bug in male patient with epididymitis older than 35 years old?

Answer 31

E.coli

Question 32

What is a classic, yet unreliable sign in epididymitis?

Answer 32

Prehn's sign

Question 33

What medication class is effective in treating urge incontinence?

Answer 33

Anticholinergic

Question 34

What is the most common kind of prostate CA?

Answer 34

Adenocarcinoma

Question 35

What is the most common renal cancer?

Answer 35

Adenocarcinoma

Question 36

What is the classic triad for renal cancer?

Answer 36

Hematuria, flank pain and palpable mass

Question 37

What is the most common solid renal tumor in children?

Answer 37

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 38

What is the initial image testing to evaluate abdominal masses?

Answer 38

Ultrasound

Question 39

What is the most common cancer in young men?

Answer 39

Testicular

Question 40

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?

Answer 40

Cryptorchidism or past testicular CA

Question 41

What diagnostic markers are diagnostic for non-seminomatous germ cell testicular CA?

Answer 41

Alpha fetoprotein and B-human gonadotropin

Question 42

What is it called when we canít retract the foreskin over the glans penis?

Answer 42

Phimosis

Question 43

What leads to paraphimosis?

Answer 43

Frequent cauterizations without reducing the foreskin

Question 44

What is a fibrous plaque causing penile curvature?

Answer 44

Peyronieís disease

Question 45

What is the class of medications used for erectile dysfunction?

Answer 45

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor

Question 46

Which two scrotal masses trans-illuminate?

Answer 46

Hydrocele and Spermatocele

Question 47

Which scrotal mass has a ìbag of wormsî presentation?

Answer 47

Variocele

Question 48

How can the presentation of a varicocele be more pronounced?

Answer 48

Valsalva