GU/Reproductive

Question 1

ARF patho

Answer 1

Reversible syndrome caused by an abrupt deterioration of function.
Kidneys unable to remove waste products or Perform regulatory functions.

Question 2

ARF labs

Answer 2

rising BUN (10 - 20) and creatinine (0.5 - 1.2)
Specific gravity 1.030 (concentrated)
decreased Hgb annd Hct

Question 3

ARF S/S

Answer 3

Decreased urine output
Increased BUN/Creatinine
Metabolic acidosis
Fluid retention
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypotension
Tachycardia

Question 4

ARF onset phase

Answer 4

initial insult/ injury

Question 5

ARF oliguric phase

Answer 5

8-14 days

Urine output greatly reduced

Question 6

ARF diuretic phase

Answer 6

Lasts about 10 days
Nephrons recovering & regaining ability to excrete urine.
10L/day dilute urine

Question 7

ARF recovery phase

Answer 7

lasts up to 6 months

the pt begins to return to normal activity level.

Question 8

Cause of Pre-renal ARF

Answer 8

Any condition decreasing blood flow to the kidneys amd leading to ischemia in nephrons.
heart failure, shock, pulm embolism, anaphylaxia, sepsis, pericardial tamponade.

Question 9

Cause of Intra-renal ARF

Answer 9

Interstitial, glomerular or tubular damage
Major cause is prolonged prerenal disease
Others: infection, dye, nephrotoxic drugs

Question 10

Cause of Post-renal ARF

Answer 10

obstruction

Question 11

treatment of hyperkalemia

Answer 11

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Diuretics

Question 12

what would trigger or inhibit release of ADH

Answer 12

Hypothylmus and p.pit

Renin

Question 13

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) S/S

Answer 13

Altered urinary elimination/ bladder outlet obstruction
Reduced force of stream, hesitancy, post-void dribbling
Frequency, urgency, nocturne
May have problems with UTI’s, stones or hematuria

Question 14

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Complications

Answer 14

urinary retention
UTI
Stones
renal failure

Question 15

determining residual volume

Answer 15

Ultra sound

bladder scanner

Question 16

risk factors of bacterial cystitis

Answer 16

Sexual active, birth control, pregnant, obstruction, long term cath, Diabetes

Question 17

s/s of acute glomerular nephritis

Answer 17

Edema, Hematuria, Oliguria, Headache, Dyspnea, Possible flank pain secondary to stretching of the renal capsule.

Question 18

Complications of acute glomerular nephritis

Answer 18

Kidney failure, HTN, Nephrotic syndrome.

Question 19

Cause of acute glomerular nephritis

Answer 19

strep infections, HTN

Question 20

pylonephritis s/s

Answer 20

flank pain
Fever (usually present) and/or chills
malaise
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion
hematuria
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Pain when urinating
Increased frequency or urgency of urination

Question 21

Cause of pylonephritis

Answer 21

E.coli
urine flow slows or stops

BHP
masses
stones

Question 22

pylonephritis diagnosis

Answer 22

Urinalysis (white blood cells)

Question 23

High Specific gravity

Answer 23

concentrated / dehyrated

Question 24

Low specific gavity

Answer 24

Dialute

Question 25

renal calculi risk factors

Answer 25

``` Family history Man Dehydration high protien, sodium and sugar diet fat digestive disorders ```

Question 26

renal calculi complications

Answer 26

Kidney damage Kidney infection UTI

Question 27

Renal Calculi s/s

Answer 27

``` Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back Pain may move to groin area (groin pain) or testicles (testicle pain) Abnormal urine color Blood in the urine Chills Fever Nausea Vomiting ```

Question 28

Renal Calculi prevention

Answer 28

Drink lots of water | diet change

Question 29

Renal calculi priority

Answer 29

pain

Question 30

CRF S/S

Answer 30

``` Nausea Vomiting Loss of appetite Fatigue and weakness Sleep problems Changes in urine output Decreased mental sharpness Muscle twitches and cramps Edema Persistent itching Chest pain, if fluid accumulates around the lining of the heart Shortness of breath, if fluid accumulates in the lungs High blood pressure (hypertension) that's difficult to control ```

Question 31

CRF assessment findings

Answer 31

vvmj

Question 32

CRF patho

Answer 32

Progressive, irreversible damage to nephrons & glomeruli Sodium & water retention Gradual progression towards uremia

Question 33

CRF complications

Answer 33

``` Neurologic -Uremic encephalopathy -Peripheral neuropathy CV -Pericarditis, tamponade -Accelerated atherosclerosis (microemboli) -Cause of 50-65% of the deaths in CRF Skin -Pruiritis, calcium deposits, uremic frost (looks like zits) -Excoriation with a bleeding tendency -Anemic pallor (yellow) -Brittle nails, thin hair (falls out) Hormonal -Amenorrhea/ impotence, infertility - hormone replacement -Decreased libido ```

Question 34

CRF nursing interventions

Answer 34

``` Managing fluid volume Preventing pulmonary edema Increasing cardiac output Enhancing nutrition Preventing infection Preventing injury Minimizing fatigue Reducing anxiety ```

Question 35

Polyuria

Answer 35

increased urine output, greater than 2000 ml in 24 hrs

Question 36

Complications of prostate cancer

Answer 36

Incontinence | Erectile dysfunction

Question 37

Prostate Cancer S/S

Answer 37

``` Trouble urinating Decreased force in the stream of urine Blood in the urine Blood in the semen General pain in the lower back, hips or thighs Discomfort in the pelvic area Bone pain Erectile dysfunction ```

Question 38

complications after mastectomy

Answer 38

lym

Question 39

AV Fistula care/teaching

Answer 39

``` mature (4 months after surgey) do not take bp on arm do not put IV on arm Thrill and bruit q 4 hrs assess pulse elevate post op dont carry heavey things dont sleep on that side ```

Question 40

IV pyelogram (IVP) teaching

Answer 40

not while prego radiation dye and colonic cleaning = clearer image`

Question 41

Kidney biopsy s/s of complications

Answer 41

bleeding (HTN)

Question 42

complications after mastectomy and how to prevent them

Answer 42

Lymphedema | Avoid bp in that arm