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GUM + INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two ways in which HRT can be used?

A

1) CYCLICALLY- for perimenopausal women who still continue to have periods

2) CONTINUOUSLY- for postmenopausal women who do not have periods

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2
Q

List 3 benefits of HRT?

A

Relief of vasomotor sx
Relief of urogenital sx
Decreases risk of osteoporosis

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3
Q

What haemantic tests are required in IDA and what would they show?

A

Total Iron Binding Capacity- HIGH
Ferritin- LOW

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4
Q

Cases of Microcytic anaemia?

A

Thalassemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
IDA
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic Anaemia

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5
Q

What is the immediate primary treatment for suspected meningial septicaemia?

A

IM Benzylpenicillin

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6
Q

What criteria is used in GP for dianosis of acute tonsillitis, and what are they?

A

ModifiedCENTOR Criteria (requires 3 out 4 to reach diagnosis of acute bacterial tonsillitis)
-Age 3-14
-History of fever
-Tonsillar exudates
-No cough
-Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

What is the treatment given to patients presenting with otitis externa?

A

Topical acetic acid (combined antibiotic/steroid drops)

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8
Q

Which virus can cause slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Parovirus b19

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9
Q

What virus causes a rash in children which tends to start at the face, moves down to trunk and spares the limbs?

A

Rubella

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10
Q

What virus causes hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Cocksackievirus A16

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11
Q

Describe the rash associated with rosella infantum?

A

Macular erythemous rash on trunk following high fever and Coryzal illness

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12
Q

What is the spirometery measurements expected in obstructive lung disease?

A

FEV1 - decreased
Normal FVC
FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
Increase in TLC and RV

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13
Q

What spirometry measurements would you expect in restrictive lung disease?

A

FEV1- decrease
FVC- decrease
FEV1/FVC ratio normal or increase
Decrease in TLC and RV

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14
Q

What is the first line treatment in diabetic neuropathy?

A

Amitryptiline, duloxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin

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15
Q

What is the management of asthma in adults according to NICE guidelines?

A

1st- SABA
2nd- LD ICS
3rd- Add LTRA
4th- Add LABA
5th- MART therapy

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16
Q

What is the causative agent in chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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17
Q

What is the PEFR in the BTS asthma classification of moderate, severe, and life threatening?

A

Moderate- PEFR 50-75%
Severe- PEFR 33-50%
Life threatening- PEFR <33%

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18
Q

What medications must be ceased in someone with AKI?

A

NSAIDS
Aminoglycosides
ACEI
Diuretics
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

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19
Q

What kind of organism causes a Trichomonasis infection?

A

Flagellated protozoan

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20
Q

What Sx and signs can be found when a person has trichiomonaisis infection?

A

Profuse yellow vaginal discharge
Strawberry cervix
Dysparenuia
Itching
Post coital bleeding

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21
Q

What is the management of Trichomonasis infection?

A

Oral metronidiazole
Abstain from sex for at least a week or until screening has been completed
Contact tracing

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22
Q

What is the synonymous finding in chancroid?

A

Painful lesion that bleeds on contact

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23
Q

What is the Sx of genital candidiasis and is management?

A

White cottage cheese discharge + itchiness + soreness

Tx- topical Azoles, vaginal pessary

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24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms in the different stages of syphyllis infection?

A

Primary- single painless lesion/ulcer

Secondary-
Manifests 4-10 weeks after infection
Symmetrical maculopapular rash (soles, palms and feet)
Mucosal ulcers and lymphadenopathy
Malaise, fever, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis

Tertiary- occurs 20-40 years after primary infection

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25
What is the causative organism if syphyllis?
Treponema palladium (bacteria)
26
What is the treatment of syphyllis?
IM benzathine benzylpenicillin
27
When should ellaone be cautioned for use?
In patients with asthma controlled with steroids
28
What is the description for mollascum contagiosum and what’s its management?
Small domed shaped flesh colour/pink papules with central indentation Tx- generally self resolves within 18 months Can have cryotherapy for aesthetics
29
Management of chlamydia?
Oral doxycycline BD 7 days
30
What is the causative organism in genital warts and list sx?
HPV 6 + 11 Painless flesh coloured bumps in genital area + itching + burning
31
What is the causative organism of genital herpes?
HSV1 and HS2
32
What is Ix and tx of genial herpes?
Ix- NAAT/viral PCR IV acyclovir and analgesia
33
What is the causative organism in Chancroid?
Haemophillus Ducreyi
34
What is the tx of chancroid?
Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin
35
What is the causative organism in bacterial vaginosis?
Gardnella vaginitis
36
List the ix in bacterial vaginosis?
Positive whiff test clue cells on wet mount ph >4.5
37
Tx for bacterial vaginosis
Metronidazole
38
Tx for genital warts
Podophiltoxin ointmnet Inquuimod crema Trichloracetic acid Cryotheraphy
39
Odourless prulent discharge is indicative of what?
N. Gonorrhoea
40
What is the most common caustaive organism in PID?
Chlamydia
41
What is the 1st line mx of lyme disease?
Oral doxycycline
42
What is the mx of chlamydia in pregnant women?
Azithromycin/Erythromycin/Amoxicillin
43
What are the signs and sx of typhoid disease?
Abdo pain Constipation Rose spots on trunk Headaches, Fever, Arthralgia
44
List the different live attenuated vaccines?
BCG MMR oral polio Yellow fever Oral typhoid
45
What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?
Disulfiram like reaction with OH Increases anticoagulation effect of warfarin
46
Alternating fever is most likely indicative of what infectious disease?
Malaria
47
List the features of dengue fever?
Retro-orbital headache Fever Facial flushing Rash Thrombocytopaenia
48
What is the 1st line mx of cellulitis?
Flucloxacillin
49
What are the two types of nec fasc and their causative organisms?
Type 1 is caused by mixed anaerobes and aerobes (often occurs post-surgery in diabetics). This is the most common type Type 2 is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
50
List the risk factors of nec fasc?
*skin factors- trauma, burns soft tissue infections *T2DM- especially if on SGLT-2 inhibitors *IVDU *immunosupresion
51
List the sx of nec fasc?
acute onset pain, swelling, erythema at the affected site pain out of keeping with physical features extremely tender over infected tissue with hypoaesthesia to light touch skin necrosis and crepitus/gas gangrene are late signs fever and tachycardia may be absent or occur late in the presentation
52
what is the mx of nec fasc?
urgent surgical referral debridement intravenous antibiotics
53
List 5 notifiable disease?
Acute meningitis, encephalitis Anthrax Botulism Covid-19 HUS Menigococcal septicaemia Rabies Rubella Scarlet fever TB Whooping cough Yellow fever
54
What is the mx of pneumocystis jivoreci?
Co-trimoxazole
55
List the features of pnemocystis jivoreci?
dyspnoea dry cough fever very few chest signs exercise-induced desaturation
56
What is the most sensitive metod for diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?
Vulvo-vaginal swab for NAAT
57
List the features of legionella pneumonia?
Dry cough Lymphopaenia Hyponatraemia Deranged LFTs Pleural effusions ~30% of patients
58
What is the mx of legionella pnemonia?
treat with erythromycin/clarithromycin
59
What organism is the most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?
E.coli
60

Finals (HV) (20 decks)

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