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Dm pharm 1 > GYN PHARM > Flashcards

GYN PHARM Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What does the hypothalamus release?

A

GnRH in pulses

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2
Q

What does the anterior pituitary release?

A

FSH, LH, Prolactin, TSH

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3
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Stimulates follicle growth and estrogen secretion

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4
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation

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5
Q

What does Prolactin do?

A

Inhibits GnRH, leading to lactational amenorrhea

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6
Q

How does hypothyroidism affect prolactin levels?

A

Hypothyroidism increases TRH, which increases prolactin

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7
Q

What is the role of estrogen in negative feedback?

A

Initially inhibits FSH, then stimulates LH surge (positive feedback)

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8
Q

What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

A

Inhibits GnRH, FSH, LH to prevent multiple ovulations

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9
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

LH surge

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10
Q

What does high FSH indicate?

A

Menopause

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11
Q

What does increased prolactin lead to?

A

Amenorrhea

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12
Q

What is the vaginal environment compared to?

A

Self-cleaning oven

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13
Q

What occurs during the Follicular Phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual bleeding (days 1–5), FSH increases, follicle maturation, and increased estrogen

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14
Q

What triggers ovulation?

A

LH surge on Day ~14

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15
Q

What happens during the Luteal Phase?

A

Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; if no implantation, corpus luteum dies, leading to menstruation

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16
Q

What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?

A

Drives endometrial growth

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17
Q

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

A

Maintains uterine lining

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18
Q

What happens to basal body temperature after ovulation?

A

Increases by 0.5–1°F

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19
Q

What are the stages of ovarian folliculogenesis?

A

Primordial, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary/Graafian, Ovulation, Corpus luteum, Corpus albicans

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20
Q

What do theca cells produce?

A

Androgens

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21
Q

What do granulosa cells do?

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A

Convert androgens to estrogen

22
Q

What occurs during the menstrual phase of the endometrial cycle?

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A

Shedding of the endometrial lining due to low estrogen and progesterone

23
Q

What occurs during the proliferative phase?

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A

Estrogen-driven thickening of the endometrium

24
Q

What occurs during the secretory phase?

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A

Progesterone-driven preparation for implantation

25
What is the normal menstrual cycle length?
21–35 days, with an average of 28 days
26
What is the average age of menarche?
12–13 years
27
What are the definitions of amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and polymenorrhea?
Amenorrhea: No menses; Oligomenorrhea: Infrequent cycles (>35 days); Polymenorrhea: Frequent cycles (<21 days)
28
What is menorrhagia?
Heavy or prolonged bleeding
29
What is hypomenorrhea?
Light bleeding
30
What is metrorrhagia?
Irregular intermenstrual bleeding
31
What is menometrorrhagia?
Heavy and irregular bleeding
32
What is dysmenorrhea?
Painful menses
33
What does LMP stand for?
First day of last menstrual period
34
What is the function of labia majora and minora?
Sensory function and protection
35
What do Bartholin glands secrete?
Mucus; infection can lead to Bartholin cyst
36
What is the clitoris analogous to?
Penis
37
What may the hymen cover?
Vaginal introitus
38
What is the perineum's role during childbirth?
Stretches and is a pressure site during exams
39
What characterizes normal vaginal discharge?
Clear to white, varies by cycle, increases near ovulation
40
What characterizes abnormal vaginal discharge?
Green/gray color, odor, itching indicating infection
41
What is the function of the broad ligament?
Supports the uterus; can cause round ligament pain in pregnancy
42
What is the function of the round ligament?
Maintains uterine position; stretches during pregnancy
43
What does the cardinal ligament house?
Uterine vessels; important in hysterectomy
44
What is the function of the uterosacral ligament?
Provides posterior support; associated with endometriosis pain
45
What does the suspensory ligament support?
Ovaries; contains ovarian vessels
46
What does the ovarian ligament do?
Connects ovary to uterus; stabilizes the ovary
47
What defines menopause?
12 months without menses
48
What happens to FSH levels during menopause?
FSH increases as ovaries become unresponsive
49
What are common symptoms of menopause?
Hot flashes (early), vaginal dryness (late), osteoporosis risk
50
When should hormone levels be tested in relation to menopause?
Do not routinely test unless <45 or uncertain diagnosis

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