gynae patho (incomplete, summarised version)

Question 1

Name some organisms commonly involved in female genital infections

Answer 1

Herpes
HPV
Molluscum congatiosum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Trichomonas
Candida

Question 2

when do we do chromosomal analysis for spontaneous abortion?

Answer 2

• habitual or recurrent abortions (spontaneous sequential loss of 3 or more pre-viable pregnancies)
• malformed fetus

Question 3

morphological features of adenomyosis (ectopic endometrial deposits in the myometrium)

Question 4

sources of infection of placenta

Question 5

what are the systemic morphological pathologies of toxemia of pregnancy

Question 6

staging of choriocarcinoma

Question 7

what are the different types of ovarian surface epithelial tumours + histology

Question 8

what is adenomyosis

Question 9

pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia

Question 10

what are the malignant neoplasms of the vulvar

Answer 10

vulvar in-situ neoplasia (VIN)
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
paget’s disease of vulva

Question 11

pathogenesis of complete hydatidiform mole (aka androgenetic mole)

Question 12

what are the histologic features of endometrial carcinoma

Question 13

what HPV serotypes are at higher risk for development of cervical cancer

Question 14

key difference between complete and partial hydatidiform moles

Question 15

what are sertoli-leydig cell tumours

Answer 15

rare mesenchymal tumour of low grade malignant potential which resembles embryonic testes

Question 16

what are corpus luteal cysts

Question 17

morphological features of granulosa cell tumour

Answer 17

• gross: large, focally cystic to solid
• histology:
  yellow areas of lipid laden luteinised cells
  follicular pattern (call-exner bodies)
  cleaved, elongated nuclei (coffee bean)
  strong positivity for inhibin

Question 18

what is pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 19

symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 20

what are the complications of toxemia of pregnancy

Question 21

modes of spread of malignant ovarian neoplasms

Question 22

what is an adenomatoid tumour

Question 23

what are the macroscopic forms of adenomyosis which may occur

Answer 23

• diffuse (more common): deposits are confined to inner part of myometrium; foci of endometrium often brownish in colour
• localised: resembling fibroid but with brownish foci

Question 24

what is krukenberg tumour

Question 25

what is a hydatiform mole

Question 26

what is placenta previa

Question 27

which are the different cells in the ovaries which ovarian neoplasms can arise from

Question 28

what are the infertiliy investigations which can be conducted

Answer 28

- hormonal assay: gonotrophic, progesterone, estrogen - endometrial sampling - laproscopy of fallopian tube - hysteroscopy of endometrial cavity - hysterosalpingography: injection of dye to see patency

Question 29

what is meig's syndrome

Question 30

what are endometrioid ovarian tumours

Question 31

what are the predisposing factors to ectopic pregnancy

Question 32

what are the consequences of abruptio placentae

Question 33

symptoms and complications of endometrial leiomyomas

Question 34

HPV features

Question 35

what is an ectopic pregnancy

Question 36

what are the non-neoplastic ovarian cysts

Question 37

features of complex hyperplasia

Question 38

what is pyosalpinx and symptoms and complications of pyosalpinx

Question 39

what are the symptoms and complications of endometriosis

Question 40

which are the histological types of sex cord/stromal tumours

Answer 40

- fibroma: stromal tumours with fibroblasts - thecoma: stromal tumours with plump spindle cells with intracellular lipid droplets

Question 41

what is toxemia of pregnancy

Question 42

what are the symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy

Question 43

when does toxemia of pregnancy usually occur

Question 44

what are the acute placental changes in toxemia of pregnancy

Question 45

what is an invasive mole

Answer 45

hydatiform mole in which hydropic villi invades the myometrium or blood vessels Recall that invasive mole & choriocarcinoma are complications of hydatiform mole

Question 46

what is a polycystic ovary

Question 47

what are the complications of ectopic pregnancy

Question 48

what is vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) caused by

Question 49

what is a teratoma

Answer 49

a tumour composed of tissues representing 2-3 germ layers

Question 50

histologic features of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumour

Question 51

cyst adenoma -> boderline tumour -> type I: low grade serous, mucinous, endometriod -> type II: high grade serous

Question 52

morphologic features of clear cell ovarian adenocarcinomas

Question 53

what are the risk factors for cervical neoplasia

Question 54

PID commonly associated with ectopic/tubal pregnancy and infertility

Question 55

what are the 2 groups of endometrial carcinoma

Question 56

clinical features of ectopic pregnancy

Question 57

how to differentiate between partial and complete hydatidiform mole

Question 58

diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

Question 59

what is placenta accreta

Question 59

what is placenta accreta

Question 60

progression of placenta accreta and potential complications

Question 61

what predisposes a woman to the development of clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the vagina

Question 62

definition of spontaneous abortion

Question 63

what is endometriosis

Question 64

what are the complications of hydatidiform mole