Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OBGYN > Gynaecology > Flashcards

Gynaecology Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the levels of LH+FSH and gonadotropins (oes+test) in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?

A

low LH + FSH

low oestrogen + testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

A

abnormal functioning of hypothalamus or pituitary gland

eg hypopituitarism, damage, chronic conditions, kallman syndrome, prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is kallman syndrome?

A

genetic condition
causes hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
failure to start puberty
absent sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are LH+FSH and gonadotropin levels in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?

A

high FSH + LH

low gonadotropin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by?

A 
damage to gonads eg torsion, cancer, mumps
congenital absence of ovaries
turners syndrome
AIS
CAH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is congenital adrenal hyperplasia? what enzyme is deficient? what is inheritance pattern?

A

deficiency of 21-hydroxylase enzyme

AR inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

symptoms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

A 
tall for age
facial hair
primary amenorrhoea
deep voice
early puberty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

assessment of primary amenorrhoea

A 
FBC, ferritin - anaemia
UE - CKD 
anti TTG, anti EMA 
LH, FSH - hypo/hypergonadotropic hypogonadism 
TFT
ILGF-1 - GH deficiency 
prolactin - hyperprolactinaemia 
testosterone - PCOS, AIS, CAH 
genetics - turners syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

management of primary amenorrhoea

A 
depends on cause 
> weight gain, CBT
> treat endocrine condition
> pulsatile GnRH, COCP in HH 
> COCP in PCOS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is androgen insensitivity syndrome? what is inheritance pattern? what are patients genetically? XX or XY?

A

cells can’t respond to androgens as there are no androgen receptor. extra androgens –> oestrogen
X linked recessive
XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AIS features?

A 
external female genitalia and breasts
testes in inguinal canal / abdomen 
infertile 
primary amenorrhoea
inguinal hernia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AIS hormone results - LH, FSH, testosterone, oestrogen

A

LH increased
FSH increased / normal
testosterone increased
oestrogen increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

management of AIS

A

bilateral orchidectomy (avoid testicular tumours)
oestrogen therapy
vaginal surgery
support and counselling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

levels of testosterone in CAH + AIS?

A

increased testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CAH pathophysiology?

A

no 21-hydroxylase enzyme
this enzyme converts progesterone into ald+cortisol.
extra progesterone –> testosterone

result = high test, low cortisol + aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CAH presentation

A 
virilised genitalia (ambiguous) 
enlarged vlitoris 
primary amenorrhoea 
tall for age, deep voice, early puberty 
HYPERPIGMENTATION!!!!!(increased acth)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CAH treatment? key features?

A

hyperpigmentation
cortisol replacement - hydrocortisone
aldosterone replacement - fludrocortisone
corrective surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when to investigate secondary amenorrhoea?

A

if normally regular = 3-6 months

if irregular = 6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

causes of primary amenorrhoea

Study These Flashcards
A 
kallman syndrome
turners syndrome
damage to pituitary - surgery, radiation
hypopituitarism
damage to gonads - surgery, mumps, torsion
20
Q

causes of secondary amenorrhoea?

Study These Flashcards
A 
pregnancy 
menopause and premature ovarian failure
contraception
PCOS
sheehan syndrome
hypo/hyperthyroidism
pituitary - tumours, failure 
excessive exercise, low body weight
21
Q

investigations in secondary amenorrhoea

Study These Flashcards
A 
beta HCG
LH, FSH 
prolactin
TSH
testosterone
22
Q

management of secondary amenorrhoea

Study These Flashcards
A

hormone replacement

if PCOS - medroxyprogesterone for 14d

23
Q

what causes urge incontinence

Study These Flashcards
A

overactive detrusor muscle

24
Q

what causes stress incontinence

Study These Flashcards
A

weak pelvic floor muscles

25
causes of overflow incontinence
chronic urinary retention due to obstruction of urine outflow anticholinergic medication fibroids pelvic tumours neurological conditions - MS, diabetic nephropathy common in men
26
3 risk factors for urinary incontinence
``` older age post menopausal increased BMI previous vaginal deliveries pelvic organ prolapse pelvic floor surgery neuro conditions eg MS ```
27
assessment of incontinence
medical history risk factors - caffeine, alcohol, meds, BMI severity examinations
28
examinations to do for incontinence
assess pelvic tone - ask to squeeze finger | look for prolapse, masses
29
investigations in incontinence
``` bladder diary vaginal examination urine dipstick!!!!! post void residual bladder volume urodynamic testing ```
30
management of stress incontinence
pelvic floor muscle training | surgery options - TVT
31
management of urge incontinence
1. bladder retaining 2. anticholinergic medication - solifenacin, oxybutynin 3. mirabegron (alternative to anticholinergics. watch BP!!!)
32
SE of anticholinergic medication
dry mouth and eyes, urinary retention, constipation, blurry vision cognitive decline !! in elderly
33
what is adenomyosis?
endometrial tissue in the myometrium
34
presentation of adenomyosis
painful periods secondary dysmenorrhoea dyspareunia enlarged, tender uterus
35
diagnosis of adenomyosis
transvaginal USS
36
management of adenomyosis
does woman want contraception? a) no = tranexamic / mefenamic acid b) yes = mirena coil, COCP
37
what is ashermans syndrome?
adhesions form in the uterus after it is damaged | eg after DIC, RPOC, myomectomy, endometritis
38
presentation of ashermans syndrome
secondary amenorrhoea light periods dysmenorrhoea infertility
39
diagnosis of ashermans syndrome
hysteroscopy (gold)
40
where is bartholins gland?
pair of glands either side of the posterior part of the vaginal Introits normally pea sized and not palpable help vaginal lubrication
41
where does bartholins cyst occur?
in the duct of bartholins gland posterior aspect of the vaginal Introitus 5 + 7 o'clock
42
treatment of bartholin cyst
good hygiene warm compress analgesia biopsy if malignancy needs excluded
43
treatment of bartholin abscess
antibiotics swab! to check sensitivities may need surgery - marsupialisation
44
what is cervical ectropion?
columnar epithelium of endocervix extends out to ectocervix
45
risk factors for cervical ectropion?
high oestrogen levels | young women, COCP, pregnancy
46
presentation of vaginal ectropion
``` asymptomatic PV discharge PV bleeding dyspareunia post coital bleeding ```

OBGYN (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions