Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

4th Year - Management > Gynaecology - Management > Flashcards

Gynaecology - Management Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

PCB - Examination

A

Abdominal exam

Speculum
- Ectropion

Bimanual exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PCB - Investigations

A

HVS, VVS, Endocervical
- STI Screen

Smear/Colposcopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PCB - Management

A
  • Silver nitrate for ectropion
  • Polyp removal
  • Treat STI if present
  • Treat CIN if present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IMB - Examination

A

Abdominal exam

Speculum
- Ectropion

Bimanual exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

IMB - Investigations

A

TV USS
- Endometrial thickness

Pipelle biopsy

Hysteroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Amenorrhoea - Classification

A

Primary - no period by 16

Secondary - no period for 6 months

Oligmenorrhoea = cycle longer than 35 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Amenorrhoea - Physiological

A

Pregnancy

Menopause

Lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amenorrhoea - Pathological

A

Hypothalamus/hypogonadism

  • Anorexia
  • Athleticism

Pituitary
- adenoma

Hyperthyroid

Ovarian

  • PCOS
  • Premature ovarian failure (Turner’s syndome)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome - Management

A

SSRIs

COCP (avoid progesterone only contraception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PCOS - Investigations

A

USS Ovaries

Bloods

  • Increased testosterone
  • Increased LH
  • Low 21 day progesterone (no corpus luteum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PCOS - Management

A
  • Weight loss
  • For infertility - clomiphene, metformin
  • Oligmenorrhoea - COCP to induce bleed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PCOS - Complications

A

Diabetes

CVD

Endometrial/ovarian/breast Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HRT - Contraindications

A

Absolute

  • current breast/endometrial Ca
  • vaginal bleeding
  • breast mass
  • VTE
  • Liver disease

Relative

  • Endometriosis
  • Fibroids
  • Fam hx breast/endometrial ca, VTE/liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HRT - Pros and Cons

A

Pros

  • Symptom relief
  • Less oesteoporosis

Cons

  • increase breast Ca
  • progest/oestrogen SE
  • VTE and CVD risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PMB - Investigations

A

Fast track TV USS

If more than 5mm

Urgent hysteroscopy and biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PMB - Management

A

Endometrial Ca - oncology

Endometrial hyperplasia

  • Atypical cells = hysterectomy
  • Typical cells = Mirena/COCP

Vaginal Atrophy

  • Topical cream (local ok in breast Ca)
  • Lubrication and reassurance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PMB - Risk Factors

A

Increased Oestrogen = increased proliferation

  • Early menarche, late menopause
  • Oestrogen HRT
  • PCOS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Endometriosis - O/E

A

Bimanual

  • Fixed, retroverted, tender uterus
  • Bilateral cervical motion tenderness
  • Adnexal tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endometriosis - Investigations

A

Laparotomy = diagnostic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Endometriosis - Medical Management

A
  • NSAIDS
  • COCP back to back
  • Mirena
  • GnRH analogues (6 months max due to bone demineralisation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Endometriosis - Surgical Management

A
  • Ablation
  • Cystectomy
  • Hysterectomy (last resort) - may need HRT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PID - Investigations

A

PT

Triple Swabs

Bloods

  • HIV
  • Syphilis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PID - Examination

A

Abdominal
Speculum
Bimanual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

PID - When to treat?

Study These Flashcards
A

Treat if lower abdo pain + one of:

  • Adnexal pain
  • Cervical motion tenderness
  • Adnexal mass

With negative PT

25
PID - Abx
Ceftrioxone 500mg IM stat Doxyclycline 100mg PO BD 14 days Metronidazole 400mg BD 14 days
26
PID - Complications
TF infertility Increased risk ectopic Fitz-Hugh-Curtis (peri-hepatitis) Chronic pain
27
Miscarriage
- Refer to EPU - PT - TVUSS if positive
28
Miscarriage - TV USS Empty
- Complete miscarriage - PUL (safety net) - Too early (bHCG blood test)
29
Miscarriage - Intrauterine Pregnancy
- Heartbeat = viable - Too early = return 7-10 days - No heartbeat = incomplete/missed/inevitable miscarriage (requires management)
30
Miscarriage - Options
Conservative - <12 weeks Surgical - Infection, bleeding, damage - 5% failure Medical - Misoprostol <13 weeks - Preg test after 3 weeks to check success - 5% failure - increased risk of RPOC
31
Ectopic Pregnancy - O/E
- Shocked, collapse - Tenderness - Cervical motion tenderness
32
Ectopic Investigations
PT TV USS - empty or adnexal pregnancy B-HCG over 48 hours - plateau (<66% rise)
33
Ectopic - TV USS Findings
- Free peritoneal fluid - Thickened endometrium - Adnexal mass
34
Ectopic - Management
Medical <35mm/no heartbeat/bHCG <1500 - Methotrexate - Need 6m contraception following as teratogenic Surgical >35mm/heartbeat/pain/rupture - Salpingectomy
35
Molar Pregnancy - Causes
Complete - 1 sperm, empty ovum 46XX Partial - 2 sperm, 1 egg
36
Molar Pregnancy - Investigations
USS - Snowstorm appearance Confirmed on histology
37
Molar Pregnancy - Management
ERPC Suction and cutterage removal Rising bHCG levels suggest malignancy (100% survival)
38
Fibroids - Investigations
TV USS
39
Fibroids - Medical Management
Wanting children - Tranexamic Acid, Mefanamic Acid Not wanting children - Mirena - COCP - GNRH
40
Fibroids - Surgical Management
- Resection - Myomectomy (keeps fertility) - UAE - Hysterectomy
41
Stress Incontinence - Investigations
Urodynamics - urine leaks with no change in bladder pressure - Response to increase abdo pressure
42
Stress Incontinence - Management
- 3 months Pelvic floor exercises - Lose weight Medical - Duloxetine Surgical - TV tape - Collagen/injectable
43
Urge Incontinence - Investigations
Urodynamics - Involuntary increase in detrusor activity - Increased bladder pressure and leakage of urine
44
Urge Incontinence - Management
- Avoid caffeine - Stop smoking - Bladder retraining Medical - Anticholinergics - tolteradine, oxybutinin, TCAs Surgical - Botox
45
Prolapse - Classification
I - Cervix within vagina II - Cervix at introitus III - Entire uterus outside vagina
46
Prolapse - Management
- Lose weight - Pelvic floor exercises - Pessary (ring, shelf, gelhorn) Surgical - Ant/post repair - Hysterectomy (risk vault prolapse) - Vaginal Mesh
47
Cervical Ca - Investigations
Colposcopy +/- biopsy MRI Pelvis CT abdomen and chest for staging
48
Cervical Ca - Spread
Direct - Vagina, bladder, peritoneum, bowel Indirect - Parametrial, internal, external and common iliac nodes
49
Cervical Screening
Mild Dyskaryosis, Test for HPV ``` +ve = colposcopy -ve = return to normal screening ``` Moderate dyskaryosis or worse = colposcopy
50
CIN
CIN 1 - mild, lower 1/3 - Repeat 6/12/24 months then back to normal screening CIN II - Moderate, lower 2/3 - LETTZ - 6M, 12M, yearly for 9 years CIN III - Severe, throughout - LETTZ - 6M, 12M, yearly for 9 years
51
PMB ?Endometrial Ca - Investigations
TV USS - thickness >4mm Biopsy/pipelle in clinic Hysteroscopy
52
Endometrial Ca - Risk Factors
Increased oestrogen - obesity, diabetes, sedentary - early menarche, late menopause - PCOS, HRT, Tamoxifen
53
Ovarian Ca - Investigations
Pelvic USS Ca-125 CT abdomen/pelvis for staging
54
Ovarian Ca - Staging
I - ovaries II - pelvis III - small bowel or omentum IV - Distant mets
55
Subfertility - Lifestyle
- Stop smoking - Folic acid 5mg - Lose weight (BMI <30) - Decrease alcohol intake
56
Subfertility - Investigations
STI Screen Mid-luteal progesterone (day 21 in 28 day cycle) Sperm analysis - USS - Hysterosalpingogram - Lap and Dye
57
Subfertility - Mx
PCOS - lose weight - Metformin, clomifene Premature ovarian insufficiency - Stop smoking - Specialist referral - Egg donation Tubal Factor - Intrauterine insemination - IVF - ICSI
58
Fertility Treatment - Risks
Multiple pregnancy (10 x higher chance) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome - fluid accumulation and dehydration due to increase capillary permeability - Young, PCOS, pregnant

4th Year - Management (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions