Gynecologic Disorders Flashcards
(22 cards)
Menstrual disorder
Amenorrhea
Abnormal genital bleeding
Dysmenorrhea
Amenorrhea
Primary: menstruation never occurs
Secondary: absence for at least 3 months (regular) or 6-12 months (irregular)
Abnormal general bleeding
19% of all gyn complaints, any bleeding other than normal period, source is rectum, urinary tract, vulva, vagina, cervix or uterus, caused by pregnancy, trauma, infection, lesions or tumors, classified by timing, duration, and post menopausal
Dysmenorrhea
Primary: onset 1-3 years after menarche
Secondary: later onset related to uterine or pelvic pathology
Vaginal infections
Normally lactobacillus is present with pH of 4.5, infections are related to imbalance or overgrowth of organism, or introduction of other organisms
Bacterial vaginosis
Lack of lactobacillus and overgrowth of other, thin white gray vaginal discharge, whiff test or clue cells on wet mount, treated with metronidazole
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Symptoms: intense pruitus, local irrigation, and cottage cheese discharge
Diagnosis: KoH wet smear (+yeast budding, pseudohyphae)
Treatment: anti fungal med, monistat or lotrimin
Vaginal carcinoma
Rare, women over 50, abnormal vaginal bleeding or no symptoms, squamous cell or adenocarcinoma, surgery or radiation
Toxic shock syndrome
Caused by staph aureus, associated with tampon use, fever rash vomiting diarrhea hypertension, treated with aggressive fluid replacement and ax
UTIs risk fx and s/s
e. Coli, risk fx extreme age, diabetes, sexual activity, pregnancy, altered immunity, s/s dysuria, frequency, urgency, cloudy, foul smelling, supra pubic tenderness, CVA tenderness
Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue growth outside of uterus, ages 30-40, cause unknown, s/s pelvic back pain, bowel symptoms, infertility, dysuria, gi complaints, dysparenuia, treated with surgery or meds
Leimyomas (fibroid tumors)
Arise from uterine smooth muscle cells, growth depends on estrogen, occur with increasing age but regress after menopause, s/s uterine bleeding, pelvic pressure, diagnosis sonogram or sonohysterography, drug treatment or surgery
Hysterectomy
Total: removed uterus and cervix
Radical: removes uterus, both sides of cervix, and upper part of vagina, 2nd most performed surgery for women, via abdominal, vaginal, or lap
Follicular cysts
Develop enduring follicular phase (first half of cycle) generally resolves itself in 2-3 cycles
Corpus luteum cysts
Develop dying luteal phase (second half of cycle) generally resolve itself in 2-3 cycles
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Most common endocrine disorder in women, effects 5-10% worldwide women, related to endocrine imbalance, multiple ovarian follicular cysts and excessive estrogen, 75% experience menstrual irregularity
PCOS
Clinical findings: hirsutism, obesity, acne, infertility, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia
Ovarian cancer
Leading cause of GYN deaths, 1 in 72 chance, 4th most common cause of death, ages 60-64, s/s vague, persistent, progressive, frequent, and severe, cause unknown, surgery or chemo “whispering disease”, most common symptom ascites
Endometrial cancer
Most common GYN cancer, 79% of victims 50-69, cause unknown, related to endometrial hyperplasia, Cardinal symptom is vaginal bleeding, risk fx chronic anovulation, diabetes, obesity, genes, treatment surgery, radiation, chemo, hormone therapy
Unopposed estrogen
Overgrowth of inner lining of uterus, needs estrogen to prevent, it inhibits the growth of cells that are stimulated by estrogen
Diseases of vulva
Vaginal infections, bartholin’s glans abc was, parasites, molluscum contagiosum, vulvar condylomata, lichen
S/s of vulvar disease
Itching, irritation, pain, swelling, wart like growth, skin changes
