Gynecology

Question 1

what bacteria are resistant to gram staining?

Answer 1

acid-fast; mycobacterium

Question 2

gram + cocci

Answer 2

staph

Question 3

gram - cocci

Answer 3

N gonorrhea, meningitides

Question 4

gram + bacilli

Answer 4

anthracis, clostridium, tetani, cornyebacterium, listeria

Question 5

gram - bacilli

Answer 5

H flu, pseudomonas, bordetella, brucella, legionella, enteric, yersinia, vibro

Question 6

gram + organisms stain x while gram - organisms stain x

Answer 6

gram + blue / purple
gram - pink / red

Question 7

what is a vaginal wet mount?

Answer 7

using vaginal dc with KOH

Question 8

a DNA probe would be used to dx which types of vaginitis/cervicitis?

Answer 8

GC/CT

Question 9

vaginal pH with candidal infxn

Answer 9

< 4.5

Question 10

vaginal pH with trichomonal infxn

Answer 10

> 5

Question 11

vaginal pH with BV

Answer 11

> 4.5

Question 12

microscopy of BV

Answer 12

clue cells from gardnerella, m hominis

Question 13

tumor marker CA 15-3

Answer 13

breast

Question 14

tumor marker CA 125

Answer 14

ovarian

Question 15

bartholins cysts are associated with

Answer 15

PID, STIs (esp GC)

Question 16

clear cell adenocarcioma affects what area? what are RFs?

Answer 16

upper third of ant vaginal wall/cervix

women whose mothers took DES during pregnancy, vaginal adenosis is precursor, no sx

Question 17

what are gartners duct cysts?

Answer 17

wolffian duct remains, lateral wall of vagina, common

Question 18

acute cervicitis etiology and presentation

Answer 18

GC, CT, trich, trauma, recent surgery/procedures

pelvic exam “chandeleir” sign, mucopurulent dc, positive CMT, pelvic pain

DNA probe, gram stain/culture

Question 19

chronic cervicitis presentation

Answer 19

vaginal bacterial overgrowth irritating cervix/transformational zone

mostly asx, may have nondescript pelvic sx

Question 20

what is CIN? how is it classified?

Answer 20

mostly benign dysplasia in transformational zone; can stop progression if the issue is removed

CIN I (mild)
II (moderate)
III (severe) dysplasia

Question 21

what is CIS

Answer 21

carcinoma in situ (in place, no invasion)

Question 22

most common cervical cancer

Answer 22

cervical squamous cell carcinoma

40-60

I-IV; good to poor prognosis

most asx, bleeding post intercourse

Question 23

menorrhagia vs
metorrhagia vs
menometorrhagia

Answer 23

menorrhagia - uterine bleeding within intervals of period

metorrhagia - uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, b/w periods

menometorrhagia - uterine bleeding during AND in between periods

Question 24

gold standard for ectopic dx

Answer 24

laparoscopy

Question 25

most sensitive early pregnancy test

Answer 25

serum QUANTitative hCG

Question 26

most common causes of oligomenorrhea

Answer 26

PCOS hypothyroidism hyperprolactinemia (also can be caused by hypothyroidism)

Question 27

acute endometritis etiology

Answer 27

bacterial infxn following delivery, miscarriage group A strep,staph cervicitis/PID recent surgery/procedures

Question 28

causes of chronic endometritis

Answer 28

PID IUDs Chlamydia TB

Question 29

most common locations for endometriosis

Answer 29

ovary adnexa

Question 30

etiology and dx endometrial polyps

Answer 30

estrogen receptive tamoxifen induced not precancerous endometrial US & TVUS

Question 31

menorrhagia that is non-cancerous but hormonal interventions are not helping

Answer 31

endometrial polyps

Question 32

most common tumor in women

Answer 32

leiomyoma / fibroid

Question 33

most common invasive cancer of female repro

Answer 33

uterine adenocarcinoma

Question 34

leiomyoma / fibroid presentation

Answer 34

estrogen dependent in myometrium asx or sx; bleeding, urinary frequency, infertility NOT cancer/precancerous

Question 35

uterine adenocarcinoma RF and grading/staging

Answer 35

RF: obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparous, 55-65 Grading 1-4: differentiation Staging I-IV: spread suspect when postmeno women start bleeding

Question 36

cause of mittleschmirtz pain/inflammation

Answer 36

rupture of luteal cysts into peritoneum

Question 37

PCOS/stein leventhal syndrome presentation

Answer 37

young women menstrual disorders infertility hirsutism (androgen excess, hyperprolactinemia)

Question 38

most common cause acute mastitis

Answer 38

staph

Question 39

mammary duct ectasia presentation

Answer 39

dilation of lactiferous ducts multiparous women 50-60 may cause abnormal mammogram

Question 40

fibrocystic breast dz etiology/presentation

Answer 40

excess estrogen, methylxanthines, 20-40 changes with cycle no inc risk of CA

Question 41

herbs for endometriosis

Answer 41

linum usitatissium angelica sinensis

Question 42

supplements/herbs for cervical dysplasia

Answer 42

folic acid vit A antioxidants thuja

Question 43

supplements/herbs for menorrhagia

Answer 43

zinc magnesium pumpkin seeds capsella bursa-pastoris

Question 44

uses progesterone/progestins

Answer 44

AUB HRT luteal defects GABA effects

Question 45

drug interactions with COC

Answer 45

inc estr conc - acetominophen, vit C - atorvastatin dec effectiveness - azole antifungals - barbituates - penicillins - st johns wort - rifampin estrogen decreases - thyroid hormones - lamotrigine estrogen inc - benzos - caffiene - CS - BB - tricyclics

Question 46

only contraceptives safe in nursing

Answer 46

progestin only