h Flashcards
u (22 cards)
Punnett Square
a chart that shows all the possible combinations that can result from a genetic cross.
An Uppercase letter represents
dominant allele
Lowercase letters represent
a recessive allele
Homozygous/Purebreds
must have 2 of the same alleles
Heterozygous/Hybrids
Heterozygous/Hybrids
Trait
A physical characteristic
Purebreds
always produce offspring with the same form of a trait as its parent.
Nucleolus of cell: Put in order
Chromosome, nucleotide, gene. cell
Cell, Chromosome, Gene, nucleotide
Codominance
neither of the alleles is dominant or recessive. Both alleles are expressed in the offspring.
incomplete dominance
the trait is a blend of both phenotypes. For example, a red flower and a white flower would produce a pink flower.
The Genetic Code:
The order of nitrogen bases along a gene forms a genetic code.
The sides of the DNA molecule are made up of?
phosphates and deoxyribose.
Nitrogen Bases:
Thymine – Adenine,
Cytosine – Guanine
Nucleotide:
A deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one nitrogen base
double helix
shape of DNA
Who is the “father” of DNA
Gregor Mendel
Asexual reproduction
Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent.
Most unicellular organisms reproduce this way.
Types of asexual reproduction:
Budding is a means of asexual reproduction whereby a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.
Regeneration is a type of asexual reproduction in which the organism is capable of regrowing certain body parts. Regeneration occurs via mitosis. Lizards can regenerate their tails, starfish can regenerate their arms
Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.
Vegetative reproduction when plants develop from modified stems or roots, or plantlets
Sexual reproduction:
Organisms that reproduce through sexual reproduction are multicellular organisms like animals and plants. Sexual reproduction requires 2 parents and the offspring or babies get half their genetic information from each parent. Offspring or babies will look similar but will NOT be an exact copy of their parents. They are a blend of each parent’s traits.
Heredity
The passing on of traits from parent to offspring
Innate Behavior
A behavior known from birth
Example: humans breathing
Learned Behavior
A behavior that develops through experience or practice. ex: bird learning to fly
