H&N ANATOMY

Question 1

What is the main arterial supply for the head and neck?

Answer 1

Common carotid artery

Question 2

What does the common carotid artery split into?

Answer 2

Internal and external carotid arteries

Question 3

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

Answer 3

Brain

Question 4

What does the external carotid artery supply?

Answer 4

Neck and face

Question 5

What is the main drainage vein?

Answer 5

Internal jugular vein

Question 6

What does the internal jugular vein eventually join the subclavian vein to make?

Answer 6

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 7

Do the 2 jugular veins meet like the 2 carotid arteries?

Answer 7

No - join subclavian at separate points

Question 8

Facial muscles are supplied by

Answer 8

Facial artery

Question 9

Scalp supplied by

Answer 9

Temporal and occipital arteries

Question 10

Maxillary artery supplies

Answer 10

• Muscles of mastication
• Deep structures of the ear
• Nasal cavity, sinuses, and palate
• Teeth
• Muscles of the eye
• Parts of the pharynx

Question 11

Facial drainage

Answer 11

Facial vein

Question 12

Lymph nodes drain to

Answer 12

Deep cervical nodes - into right and left subclavian trunks

Question 13

What nerves are in the head and neck?

Answer 13

Spinal and cranial nerves

Question 14

What are the 3 sensory cranial nerves?

Answer 14

The trigeminal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve
The vagus nerve

Question 15

The Trigeminal Nerve innervates

Answer 15

Face
Palate
Eye
Oral cavity
Tongue (Anterior 2/3)

Question 16

Glossopharyngeal Nerve innervates

Answer 16

Posterior 2/3 tongue
Oropharynx

Question 17

Vagus nerve innervates

Answer 17

The larynx

Question 18

What are the 4 motor nerves?

Answer 18

Facial
Trigemial
Hypoglossal
Vagus

Question 19

Sympathetic stimulation is via?

Answer 19

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 20

Sympathetic nervous system regulates?

Answer 20

Flight or fight response

Question 21

What is parasympathetic stimulation supplied by?

Answer 21

Cranial nerves

Question 22

Particularly in nasopharyngeal cancer, direct spread of disease can often result in compression or invasion into the nerves causing what?

Answer 22

Palsy e.g. Bells Palsy

Question 23

What is Bell’s palsy?

Answer 23

Damage to the facial nerve
Droop on affected side
Weaken lips affect speech
Loss of lacrimal gland secretions
Cornea can be prone to ulceration
Can also affect taste sensation and some saliva production

Question 24

What are the paranasal sinus lined by?

Answer 24

Respiratory mucosa, ciliated and secreting

Question 25

What are the 4 groups of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 25

Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary

Question 26

What is the hard palate?

Answer 26

Bony part of the palate cover above and below of the mucosa Palatine vessels and veins descend

Question 27

What is the soft palate?

Answer 27

Consists of 5 muscles: 2 attached to base of skull, 2 to the tongue, and one attaches to the uvula Innervated by cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) Can close the air passage to the nasal cavity and the inf border of the nasopharynx

Question 28

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

Answer 28

Parotid - largest and innovated by glossopharyngeal nerve Sublingual - smallest Submandibular

Question 29

What are the 3 subsections of the pharynx?

Answer 29

Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharyx

Question 30

Boundaries of the pharynx?

Answer 30

Superiorly: Cranial base Inferiorly: cricoid cartilage and inferior border of C6 (continuous with the oesophagus) Posterior: flat wall that lies against the pre-vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia

Question 31

Where is the nasopharynx located?

Answer 31

The posterior extension of the nasal cavity, its function is respiratory

Question 32

Where does the palatine tonsil sit?

Answer 32

Commonly called adenoids when enlarged sit on the posterior wall between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Question 33

What is the function of the oropharynx?

Answer 33

Digestive

Question 34

Where is the lingual tonsil located?

Answer 34

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 35

Function of hypopharynx?

Answer 35

Allows communication between the pharynx and larynx and oesophagus

Question 36

Larynx location

Answer 36

Posterior and inferior of the tongue, posterior and superior of the thyroid

Question 37

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 37

cricoid, thyroid, and epiglottis

Question 38

What are the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 38

arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform

Question 39

What are the 2 important ligaments of the larynx?

Answer 39

Vocal and ventricular

Question 40

What is the larynx supplied by blood?

Answer 40

The superior and inferior laryngeal veins that originate from the external carotid The laryngeal veins drain into the internal jugular veins

Question 41

What is the larynx innervated by?

Answer 41

The superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, branches of the vagus nerve