H&N anatomy 2

Question 1

What two bones form the nasal septum

Answer 1

1. Vomer
2. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 2

where does the fall cerebri attach

Answer 2

the crysta Galli

Question 3

function of the The superior and middle conchae 
what bone are they a part of

Answer 3

filter, humidify, and warm the air that we breathe preventing cold air from reaching the lungs.

part of the ethmoid bone

Question 4

What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 5

name of the space above the superior conchae

Answer 5

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 6

two bones that make up the hard palate

Answer 6

palatine process of the maxilla 
palatine bone (posterior)

Question 7

what nerve innervates the mucosa of the paranasal air sinuses

Answer 7

trigeminal nerve

Question 8

name the sinuses that drain into the middle meatus

where does the Sphenoid sinus recess drain
Posterior ethmoid air cells
Nasolacrimal duct

Answer 8

frontal, anterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

spheno-ethmoidal recess
superior meatus
inferior meatus

Question 9

2 articular processes that form the temporomandibular joint are the

Answer 9

1. mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
2. condylar process of the mandible

Question 10

name the 4 muscles of mastication, their actions and their innervation

Answer 10

1. masseter: elevation of the TMJ
2. Temporalis: elevation (anterior fibres) & retraction (posterior fibres) of the TMJ
3. Lateral pterygoid: protrusion of the TMJ (with medial causes lateral movement)
4. Medial pterygoid: elevation of the TMJ

-> all innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 11

bony attachments of the temporals muscle
master

Answer 11

1. Originates from the Temporal fossa
2. Inserts into the Coronoid process of the mandible
3. zygomatic arch & maxillary process of zygomatic bone
4. coronoid process of mandible

Question 12

attachment of the lateral & medial pterygoid muscles

Answer 12

The Lateral Pterygoid muscle attaches to the Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

The Medial Pterygoid muscle attaches to the Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

BOTH PTERYGOID MUSCLES ATTACH TO THE LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE.

Question 13

To which part of the mandible does the
medial pterygoid muscle attach
lateral pterygoing muscle attach

Answer 13

angle of the mandible
neck of the mandible

Question 14

posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the

Answer 14

oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 15

nerve supply & actions of the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 15

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

close off the nasal passages and the airway during the act of swallowing.

Question 16

what lymphoid structure lies between the the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal muscles.

Answer 16

the palatine tonsils

Question 17

what is the THE FORAMEN CAECUM.

what papillae run parallel to the sulcus terminals

Answer 17

middle part of the sulcus terminalis

embryological significance: site in the embryo where the epithelium invaginated to form the thyroid gland.

circumvallate papillae

Question 18

name the 3 types of papillae & identify those with taste buds

Answer 18

1. Filiform (no taste buds)
2. Fungiform; slightly bigger than filiform
3. Circumvallate

Question 19

name of projections on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection.

Answer 19

lingual tonsils

Question 20

Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 20

lingual frenulum

Question 21

describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

Answer 21

posterior 1/3 -> Glossopharyngeal n GS & tast
Anterior 2/3 -> GS: CNV3 (lingual nerve)
taste: chorda tympani of facial nerve

Question 22

function of the extensic vs intrinsic fibres of the tongue

name 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

innervation of these muscles

Answer 22

Extrinsic fibres -> change the position of the tongue
intrinsic fibres -> Elongate and retract the tongue

genioglossus
hypoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus

all innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CNVII) except the palatoglossus muscle

Question 23

Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland

Answer 23

submental branch of the facial artery

Question 24

parasympathetic innervation of the 3 salivary glands

Answer 24

parotid - Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Submandibular - Chorda tympani nerve (facial nerve branch)
sublingual - Chorda tympani nerve (facial nerve branch

Question 25

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Answer 25

1. hyoid bone 2. thyroid cartilage 3. cricoid cartilage

Question 26

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Answer 26

1. epiglottis 2. Artenoid cartilage 3. cricoid cartilage

Question 27

which membrane lies inferiorly to the vocal cords ![]()

Answer 27

cricothyroid membran

Question 28

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Answer 28

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Question 29

label the true and flase (vestibular) vocal folds ![]()

Answer 29

vestibular lie laterally & superiorly to the true focal folds

Question 30

label the true and false (vestibular) vocal folds

Answer 30

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Question 31

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensation to ...

Answer 31

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve has the potential to cause unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Patients with this typically complain of new-onset hoarseness, changes in vocal pitch, or noisy breathing The internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensation to the **mucosa from the epiglottis to just above the level of the vocal cords**

Question 32

![]() describe vocal cords when singing... talking or relaxed

Question 33

What prevents this bolus from entering into the nasopharynx eterning the larynx

Answer 33

elevation of the soft palate against the posterior pharyngeal wall. epiglottis

Question 34

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Answer 34

a) superior constrictor b) middle constrictor c) inferior constrictor d) oesophagus 1. buccinator 2. madible 3. mylohyoid 4. thyroid membrane 5. crycothyroid msucle