H&N Anatomy

Question 1

what are the actions of the masseter muscle?

Answer 1

elevation of mandible

Question 2

what are actions of the temporalis muscle?

Answer 2

retraction of mandible

elevation of manidble

Question 3

what are the actions of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 3

side to side movement

protrusion of mandible

Question 4

what are the actions of the medial pterygoid?

Answer 4

side to side movement

protrusion of mandible

Question 5

what drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?

Answer 5

sphenoid sinus

Question 6

what drains into the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

posterior ethmoidal cells

Question 7

what drains into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

frontal sinus
middle and anterior ethmoidal cells
maxillary sinus

Question 8

what drains into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

nasolacrimal duct

Question 9

which structures make up the nasal septum?

Answer 9

septal cartilage
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
vomer
palatine bone

Question 10

what is the action of the suprahyoid muscles on the mandible?

Answer 10

depression of mandible

Question 11

which suprahyoid muscle is not involved in mandible depression?

Answer 11

geniohyoid

Question 12

which muscles cause elevation of the mandible?

Answer 12

masseter
medial pterygoid
temporalis

Question 13

which muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?

Answer 13

medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 14

which muscle causes retraction of the mandible?

Answer 14

temporalis

Question 15

which muscles cause depression of the mandible?

Answer 15

mylohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric

Question 16

name the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 16

palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
muscularis uvulae
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini

Question 17

which muscle of the soft palate is not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus? what innervates that instead?

Answer 17

tensor veli palatini

innervated by branch of V3

Question 18

what is the common action carried out on the tongue by the styloglossus and hyoglossus?

Answer 18

retraction of tongue

Question 19

list the actions of the hyoglossus on the tongue

Answer 19

retraction and depression of tongue

Question 20

list the actions of the styloglossus on the tongue

Answer 20

retraction and elevation of tongue

Question 21

list the action of the genioglossus on the tongue

Answer 21

protrudes tongue to opposite side

Question 22

if right genioglossus was paralysed, to which side would the tongue be protruded?

Answer 22

to the right

Question 23

what is the function of the palatoglossus?

Answer 23

elevate the back of the tongue

Question 24

what are the muscles of the tongue innervated by? name the exception and its innervation

Answer 24

hypoglossal nerve, except palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus)

Question 25

what are the muscles of the soft palate innervated by? name the exception and its innervation

Answer 25

pharyngeal plexus, except tensor veli palatini (branch of V3)

Question 26

name the three muscles that come off the styloid process, and their innervation

Answer 26

styloglossus (hypoglossal nerve) stylohyoid (facial nerve) stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 27

name the innervation of the three main salivary glands

Answer 27

parotid gland - glossopharyngeal nerve submandibular gland - facial nerve sublingual gland - facial nerve

Question 28

why is it important to be able to locate the cricothyroid membrane?

Answer 28

because cricothyroid is pierced if a patient isn't breathing and can't be intubated

Question 29

what is the innervation of the laryngeal muscles? name the exception and its innervation

Answer 29

recurrent laryngeal nerve, except cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve

Question 30

what are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve, and what do they supply?

Answer 30

external laryngeal - innervates cricothyroid muscle | internal laryngeal - sensation to laryngeal mucosa

Question 31

name the three muscles that form the outer muscular layer of the pharynx

Answer 31

superior constrictor muscle middle constrictor muscle inferior constrictor muscle

Question 32

name the three muscles that form the inner muscular layer of the pharynx

Answer 32

stylopharyngeus palatopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus

Question 33

what is the innervation of the muscles of the pharynx? name the exception and its innervation

Answer 33

pharyngeal branches of CNX | stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 34

name the function of the outer muscular layer of the pharynx during swallowing

Answer 34

move bolus down into the oesophagus

Question 35

name the function of the inner longitudinal muscular layer of the pharynx during swallowing

Answer 35

shorten and widen pharynx

Question 36

name the function of the tongue and soft palate muscles during swallowing

Answer 36

closing off nasopharynx and moving bolus backwards

Question 37

name the innervation of the sublingual and submandibular glands

Answer 37

chorda tympani (branch of CNVII)

Question 38

which four bones meet in the area of the skull called the pterion?

Answer 38

frontal parietal temporal sphenoid

Question 39

which bones make up the anterior fossa of the cranium?

Answer 39

frontal bone | ethmoid bone

Question 40

which bones make up the middle fossa of the cranium?

Answer 40

sphenoid bone | temporal bone

Question 41

which bones make up the posterior fossa of the cranium?

Answer 41

occipital bone | parietal bone

Question 42

what are the clinoid processes, and what attaches to them?

Answer 42

bony processes posterior to the sella turcica | the tentorium cerebelli attaches to them

Question 43

when does the anterior fontanelle close?

Answer 43

between 9-18 months

Question 44

when does the posterior fontanelle close?

Answer 44

between 6-8 months