H&N - Pharynx

Question 1

Constrictor muscles of pharynx

Answer 1

Superior contrictor

Middle

Inferior

Question 2

Innervation of constrictor muscles

Answer 2

Vagus

Question 3

Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

Answer 3

Stylopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

Question 4

Innervation of longitudinal muscles of pharynx

Answer 4

Stylopharyneus- CN 9

Salpingopharyngeus - CN10

Palatopharyngeus - CN10

Question 5

Function of longitudinal muscles of pharynx

Answer 5

Elevation of pharynx

Question 6

Pharyngeal fascia

Answer 6

They coat pharyngeal muscles

Thin outer layer: buccopharyngeal fascia

Thick inner layer: pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 7

Position of palatine tonsils (adenoids)

Answer 7

Between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches

Question 8

Arterial supply of palatine tonsils

Answer 8

Tonsillar artery (branch of facial artery)

Question 9

Motor innervation of pharynx

Answer 9

Vagus (except stylopharyngeus: CN9)

Question 10

Sensory innervation of pharynx

Answer 10

Nasopharynx: V2

Oropharynx: CN9

Laryngopharynx: CN10

Question 11

Blood supply to larynx

Answer 11

Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid)

Inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid)

Question 12

Lymph drainage of thyroid gland

Answer 12

Above vocal cords: Upper deep cervical nodes

Below vocal cords: Prelaryngeal and pretracheal nodes and inferior deep cervical nodes

Question 13

Innervation of laryngeal muscles

Answer 13

Cricothyroid: superior laryngeal nerve

Everything else: recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 14

Nerve supplying sensory innervation of laryngopharynxpharynx

Answer 14

Above vocal cords: superior laryngeal nerve

Below vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 15

Structure of nasal cavity

Answer 15

Choncha and meatus

Question 16

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 16

Question 17

Innervation of paranasal sinuses

Answer 17

Different branches of trigeminal

Question 18

Openings of nasal canal

Answer 18

Question 19

Little’s area

Answer 19

90% nose bleeds occur in little’s area

Question 20

Foramen cecum of tongue

Answer 20

At apex of terminal sulcus: where epithelium invaginated to form thyroid gland

If thyroglossal duct persists: forms thyroglossal cyst

Question 21

Papillae of the tongue

Answer 21

Filiform: end in one or more points

Fungiform: around the margins

Vallate: 8-12, anterior to terminal sulcus

Foliate: folds at sides of the tongue

They increase the surface area and have taste buds (except filiform)

Question 22

Sensory innervation of the tongue

Answer 22

Question 23

Innervation of muscles of tongue

Answer 23

Intrinsic: hypoglossal nerve

Extrinsic: mostly hypoglossal (except palatoglossus: vagus)

Question 24

Lymphatic drainage of tongue

Answer 24

Anterior 2/3: ipsilateral (mostly), Posterior 1/3: bilateral

Tip: submental node then to deep cervical

Mid: Submandibular then deep cervical

(Mid central : bilateral, Mid lateral: ipsilateral)

Question 25

Sublingual and submandibular openings

Answer 25

Question 26

Innervation of soft palate muscles

Question 27

Teeth

Answer 27

Question 28

Innervation of teeth

Answer 28

Upper: V2 Lower: V3

Question 29

Where does the posterior ethmoidal sinus drain

Answer 29

superior meatus

Question 30

Where do the anterior ethmoidal, maxillary and frontal sinuses drain

Answer 30

middle meatus

Question 31

Where does nasolacrimal duct drain

Answer 31

Lower meatus

Question 32

Space between the vocal cords aka

Answer 32

Rima glottidis

Question 33

Where is pharyngeal pouch found

Answer 33

Killia's triangle: between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

Question 34

Which muscle abduct vocal cords

Answer 34

Posterior cricoarytenoid (innervated by inferior branch of recurrent laryngeal)

Question 35

Which muscles adduct the vocal cords

Answer 35

Lateral cricoarytenoid Transverse arytenoid

Question 36

Muscles that tense the vocal cords

Answer 36

cricothyroid

Question 37

Muscles that relax the vocal cords

Answer 37

Thyroarytenoid Vocalis

Question 38

Where are berry's ligaments found

Answer 38

attaches thyroid to trachea

Question 39

Which blood vessel is the common culprit for reactionary haemorrhage post-tonsillectomy

Answer 39

External palatine vein

Question 40

Anatomy of larynx

Answer 40

Vestibular fold above the vocal fold

Question 41

Piriform fossa

Answer 41

food can get stuck here Medial: aryepiglottic fold Lateral: thyroid cartilage, thyrohyoid membrane

Question 42

Vallecula

Answer 42

Space between tongue and epiglottis

Question 43

Function of false cords

Answer 43

I.e. vestibular cord Little role in phonation (apart from purring in cats) Important at protecting airway (pts with resected epiglottis have same risk of aspiration as ones without

Question 44

How to diffentiate false and true cords in alive patietns

Answer 44

False look very red as have a large flow through the mucosa True look white as they are relatively avascular

Question 45

Branches of superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 45

External laryngeal and internal laryngeal

Question 46

What does external laryngeal n supply

Answer 46

Motor to cricothyroid and inferior constrictor

Question 47

What does internal laryngeal nerve supply

Answer 47

Sensation to superior larynx

Question 48

Intrinsic muscles of tongue

Answer 48

Superior and inferior longitundinal Transverse Vertical

Question 49

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 49

Genioglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus Hyoglossus