H&TP - Public Health Flashcards
(32 cards)
Butchers during the Medieval Period used to slaughter animals and leave the remains on the streets.
Why was this a problem and how was it solved?
The dead animal remains would cause decay, which would spread disease (and cause Miasma).
It was solved by Butchers becoming band from slaughtering animals and leaving remains on the streets
Give 3 Jobs that helped clean the streets during the Medieval Period
Gong-Farmers - someone who would empty cesspits (toilets) and cart it out of town (however they would dump it somewhere else, this caused pollution).
Muck Rackers - People who cleaned the streets
Surveyors of The Pavement - removed rubbish/waste from the pavement.
What happened if someone was caught dumping in the street after new Public Health Rules/Jobs came in during the Medieval Period?
They were given a 40p Fine (equivalent to £400 in 2021)
What were Cesspits and why were they a problem?(Medieval Period)
Cesspits were early versions of Toilets and caused Disease to spread as well as Pollution
What two diseases made up the Black Death?
Bubonic Plague and Pneumonic Plague
- What was the Great Stink?
2.When did it happen? - What caused it?
- The Great Stink was when most of London smelt horrific.
- Happened in 1858
- Happened because of the amount of human/animal waste and sewage that was being dumped in the River Thames.
How did people try and solve the Great Stink and did it work?
They tried putting Chloride of Lime on curtains to prevent the smell but it didn’t really work.
1.‘There were ________ main cholera outbreak between _______ and ________’
2. What was cholera caused by?
3. Give a belief of what people thought caused Cholera?
4.How did people try and prevent it?
- There were ‘4’ main cholera outbreaks between ‘1831’ and ‘1865’
- Contaminated water from the River Thames and other Water Sources.
- Miasma
- Praying, wearing lucky charms, burning clothes of victims, isolating victims and smoking/inhaling vinegar (to prevent miasma)
Give some symptoms of Cholera
-Serve Diarrhoea
-Nausea
-Restlessness
-Serve Dehydration
What year did John Snow discover Cholera?
1854
What was Edwin Chadwick’s report called and when was it made?
‘Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population’, 1842
- Who created the London Sewage System?
- What year was the system designed and what year was it completed in?
- Why was the System made?
- Joseph Bazalgette
- It was designed in 1858 and completed in 1875 (and invested by the government)
- The system was originally made in response to the Great Stink (also 1858), but also resulted in the end of the significant cholera outbreaks in London.
Free Card - random facts about Bazalgettes Sewage system:
•83 miles of underground sewers made from bricks.
•1100 miles of smaller connecting sewers from each street
•Pumping systems at regular points to help pump the sewage along the pipes.
What was the Beveridge Report?
The Beveridge report was write by William Beveridge in 1942. It was a report that claimed that everybody had a right to be free from the ‘Five Giants’: Disease, Want, Ignorance, Idleness, Squalor.
What was the Beveridge Report?
The Beveridge report was write by William Beveridge in 1942. It was a report that claimed that everybody had a right to be free from the ‘Five Giants’: Disease, Want, Ignorance, Idleness, Squalor.
Explain the Five Giants of the Beveridge Report, 1942.
• Disease (NHS) - The National Health Service Act took place in 1948 by Aneurin Bevan. It meant that (almost all) health services were free to everybody.
• Want (Social Security) - This included several acts, including: Family Allowances Act (5s per child after first), National Insurance Act 1945 (system of insurance that gave workers medical help/sick pay if they couldn’t work due to illness)
•Ignorance (Education) - 1944, Introduced free secondary school as well as the 11-plus IQ test, all created by ‘Rab’ Butler. Although there was still a gap for working class children.
•Idleness (Full Employment) - ‘Marshall Aid’ (1948), kept the industry going.
•Squalor (Housing) - Town/Country Act (1947) set a target to build 300,000 new houses per year (However, a 1951 census showed there was the still the same level of homelessness as in 1931)
- What is the Laissez Faire?
- What is the Welfare State
1.The belief that the government should not interfere with the economy.
2.The concept that the Government should provide basic economic security for all citizens.
Why was the Welfare State introduced?
To address the ‘Five Giants’ of the Beveridge Report
Name as many of the liberal reform acts as possible?
•1906 - free school meals for school children
• 1908 - Old age pension act for people over 70 who did not have enough money to live on
• 1909 news laws enforcing higher standards for house building
• 1911 The National Insurance Act - this meant workers that had to stay off work due to illness were given medical help and sick pay, although it only covered people in work (so limited for Children and women)
Who were the main two MP’s in the Liberal Reforms
Winston Churchill and David Lloyd-George
What did Charles Booth discover in 1889?
That 35% of London lived in ‘absolute poverty’
Give examples that signalled to the government that public health needs to improve
•In 1899 the second Boer War started and 1/3 if men volunteered to fight but failed the health test.
•Seebohm Rowntree discovered that Poole had to earn 21 shillings to stay out of poverty
•Charles Booth discovered that 35% of London lived in ‘absolute poverty’ in 1889
Liberal Party saw their own reforms as a way of what?
Maintaining the support of working class votes
The reform Act allowed _________ ______ to ________.
The reform Act allowed ‘Working Class’ to ‘vote’.
