H279:1500-1516-Heart Failure Flashcards
(9 cards)
1
Q
Two types of HF
A
HF with reduced EF (systolic formerly)
HF with preserved EF (diastolic formerly)
2
Q
General break down of etiologies of HF
A
Depressed EF (40%) CAD, HTN, Valvular, Toxic, Chagas, Arrhythmias etc. Preserved EF (40-50%) Cardiomyopathies, Aging, Endomyocardial disorders Highoutput States (Thyrotoxicosis,beriberi,AV shunt, Chronic Anemia)
3
Q
NYHA breakdown
A
I - exertion and ADLS = no HF Signs II - ordinary exertion = HF signs III - ADLs = HF Signs IV- Rest = HF Signs Q: Comfortable at rest ? Signs with ordinary exertion ?
4
Q
Major causes of HF in South America, Africa, and Asia
A
Asia and Africa - RF
South America - Chagas
5
Q
Prognosis of NYHA IV
A
30-70% annual mortality rate
6
Q
3 major areas of pathogenesis in HF
A
Myocyte biology
Myocardial changes
LV chamber geometry
7
Q
5 important clinical manifestations
A
Tachypnea Orthopnea (trepopnea) PND Mood changes/fatigue Acute pulmonary edema
8
Q
4 critical areas of examination
A
JVD
Pulmonary - crackles/rales/crepitation/wheezing
Cardiac - Displaced PMI, tri regurg
Abdomen/Extremities - Pedal Edema (presacral in bedbound)
9
Q
Definition of Heart Failure
A
structural or functional impairment of filling or ejection of ventricles resulting in the signs of dyspnea, edema, fatigue and rales.
