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tudor history > H8 Government > Flashcards

H8 Government Flashcards

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1
Q

when was conciliar government used

A

1509-1514

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2
Q

what did the first parliament do

A

Abolish the council learned in law (getting rid of fathers legacy)

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3
Q

What did the second parliament do

A

Grant extraordinary revenue for invasions of France and Scotland (similar to father ext rev)

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4
Q

why was conciliar government ended

A

H7s senior councillors did not want to support war
Henry was becoming more confident
Henry surrounded himself with young like-minded courtiers who reinforced his suspicions of the old guard
Henry was impressed with Wolsey’s management of the French campaign and became dominant

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5
Q

How did the role of the privy chamber extend

A

Henry’s minions became gentlemen of the Privy

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6
Q

What did Wolsey do in the privy chamber in 1519

A

remove Henry’s minions and replace them with his supporters

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7
Q

Why did Wolsey’s change to the privy chamber in 1519 not work

A

Most of the minions recovered their positions, chambered retained its prestige and influence, still out of Wolsey’s control

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8
Q

Why did Wolsey want to reduce the power of the Privy Chamber

A

He had no influence or control over it

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9
Q

What was the Tudor subsidy

A

when raising extraordinary revenue
Instead of using local commissioners to assess wealth set up a national committee

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10
Q

What was the Tudor subsidy used for

A

fund war in france

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11
Q

Success of the Tudor subsidy

A

did not raise sufficient funds for war with France
tried to raise unparliamentary taxation - amicable grant

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12
Q

What was the amicable grant

A

unparliamentary taxation 1525
was resisted and almost lead to rebellion

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13
Q

When were the Eltham ordinances

A

1526

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14
Q

What did the Eltham ordinances do

A

reduced the number of Gentlemen of the Privy

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15
Q

Who was removed as Gentleman of the stool and who replaced him after Eltham Ordinances

A

William Compton replaced with Henry Norris (more compliant)

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16
Q

Opinions of the Eltham ordinances

A

Wolsey did it to reduce finances in the privy council (humble servants removed too)
Wolsey did it because of his fear of repercussions from the amicable grant so wanted to remove people in the council who did not like him and he could not control

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17
Q

What was the kings great matter

A

Mid 1520s Catherine of Aragon had not given henry a male heir and Catherine was getting older
Henry wanted a divorce from Catherine and wanted to marry Anne Boleyn which required papal dispensation for the annulment of his marriage

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18
Q

How did Wolsey try to secure papal dispensation

A

As Catherine had been married to Arthur her marriage to Henry was invalid

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19
Q

Why did the pope not grant papal dispensation

A

Catherine’s Nephew emperor Charles V had taken over Rome so the Pope was prisoner to Charles who did not want Catherine being humiliated

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20
Q

When did Wolsey take Henry to court

A

May 1527

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21
Q

What did Wolseys court do

A

Tried to accuse Henry of living in sin which he admitted to to invalidate the marriage but Catherine did not accept the verdict and appealed to the Pope

22
Q

1529 court case

A

Cardinal Campeggio was sent by the Pope to hear Wolseys case
15th June - 20th July case heard
Wolsey failed to get the annulment

23
Q

Why did Wolsey fall

A

Failure to secure an annulment
Unpopularity from Tudor subsidy and amicable grant

24
Q

End of Wolsey

A

October 1528 charged with praemunire - surrendered
4th November 1530 arrested
29th November died before execution

25
Q

Rise of Cromwell

A

Suggested henry break with Rome to secure annulment
Kings chief minister by 1532

26
Q

How did Cromwell change government

A

Role of the Royal household diminished
His own position as secretary gained importance and status (head of developing state bureaucracy)
Privy council grew in importance (managing gov and parliament)
Parliaments role developed - reformation parliament focused on Henry’s divorce and the church

26
Q

How were divorce and break with the church established

A

statute laws supremacy over canon law was firmly established

27
Q

how was the church weakened - humanists

A

Humanists like John Colet and Erasmus weakened the church as an institution

28
Q

How did Christopher St German weaken the church

A

1528 challenged the churches claim to legal supremacy who asserted English law as superior to Canon law

29
Q

How did intellectual justifications help the divorce

A

The Collectanea Satis Copiosa justified divorce on legal and historical principles

30
Q

How universities helped the divorce

A

Henry got continental universities who were favourable to his position to provide expert opinions on his marital status to add pressure to the papacy

31
Q

When and why were the clergy accused for praemunire and fined

A

1531 began attack on the clergy and forced acknowledgement of the king as “protector and supreme head of the English church”

32
Q

Act in conditional restraint of annates

A

1532
Increased pressure on the papacy by conditionally withholding first year of income from the office of the Bishop

33
Q

Supplication against the ordinances

A

1532 increased anticlerical pressure within the house of commons

34
Q

Formal submission of the clergy to Henry

A

1532
Provoked the resignation of Sir Thomas More as Lord chancellor

35
Q

When did Henry and Anna marry

A

25th January 1533
Secret ceremony
Catholic church saw it as invalid

36
Q

When was Henry and Catherine’s marriage annulled

A

May 1533

37
Q

Why was the problem of succession not solved

A

Anne had a girl on the 7th September

38
Q

Act in restraint of appeals

A

April 1533
Monarch possessed imperial jurisdiction which was not subject to foreign power (papacy)
Appeals could not be made to Rome regarding church decisions - Catherine could not appeal

39
Q

Act of Succession

A

April 1534
Marriage to CoA is void
Succession left to children of Henry and Anne
To deny the marriage of Henry and Anna is treason

40
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

November 1534
Gave legislative force to the royal supremacy
Achieved the break from Rome

41
Q

Treason act

A

November 1534
Treason could be committed by mouth
Used to convict Sir Thomas More July 1535 for denying royal supremacy

42
Q

Act annexing the first fruits and tenths to the crown

A

November 1534
Annates paid to the king by the clergy not paid to the bishops
increased financial burden on the clergy
Increased royal supremacy

43
Q

Why did Anne Boleyn fall

A

Cromwell felt his relationship with the king was threatened
Persuaded Henry Anne’s flirtatious manner was adultery
Anne accused of adultery and incest (constituted treason)
executed 19th May 1536

44
Q

Why did Cromwell fall

A

When Jane Seymour died 1537 Cromwell organised a marriage to Anne of Cleves
Anne was unsuitable and king quickly got an annulment destroying Cromwell’s credibility
Accused of Heresy and treason
Executed 28th July 1540

45
Q

Government at the end of the reign (1540-47)

A

returned to conciliar government
Privy council with fixed membership supported by a secretary

46
Q

What did the court of the Star chamber do

A

expanded by Wolsey in 1516
Increased cheap and fair justice to encourage commoners to hold law suits against their superiors (Wolsey’s prerogative)

47
Q

How many people were in the privy council before cromwell

A

up to 100

48
Q

How many men were in the privy council after Cromwell’s reform

A

20

49
Q

How did Cromwell’s reform help the privy council

A

Before many did not attend allowing those who did attend e.g. Wolsey to end up dominating
In the smaller council they were specifically chosen to have responsibility for the day-to-day running of government
As it was exclusive it meant in theory no one could dominate

tudor history (7 decks)

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