H9-11 Emergencies and Hazards Flashcards
Chapter 11 Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards ........11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Autorotation .................................................................11-2 RPM Control ............................................................11-3 Risk Management during Autorotation Training ....11-3 Straight-In Autorotation ...........................................11-4 Technique (How to Practice)................................… (60 cards)
During power off auto rotations, upward movement of the collective reduces or raises the RPM?
Reduces
During power off auto rotations, downward movement of the collective reduces or raises the RPM?
Increases
11-6 Autorotation with Turns should be aborted if.. (4)
-if the helicopter is not in a stabilized approach to landing profile (i.e., it is not aligned as close as possible into the wind with the touchdown point, after completing the 180-degree turn)
-if the rotor rpm is not within limits;
-if the helicopter is not at a proper attitude/airspeed;
-or if the helicopter is not under proper control at 200 feet AGL.
11-7 Upon arriving into the course line prior to the flare, the scan should focus almost entirely outside. The scan should include….(3)
-The horizon for attitude, ground track, and nose alignment
-the altitude to set the flare and for closure (groundspeed)
-the instrument cross-check of airspeed, rotor rpm, and engine rpm in the descent.
??? H.11-7 Name some things a pilot operating a helicopter needs to take into account when recovering from an aborted autorotation. (5)
- Higher rate of descent.
- Reduced rotor RPM builds in autorotation.
- Low initial rotor RPM response in autorotation.
- The requirement for a higher flare height.
- Reduced engine power performance.
What is Vortex Ring State?
An aerodynamic condition in which a helicopter may be in a vertical descent with 20 percent up to maximum power applied.
11-10 What is the Vuichard Recovery (1.5)
-In most helicopters, lateral cyclic thrust combined with an increase in power and lateral antitorque thrust will produce the quickest exit from the hazard.
-eliminating the descent rate as opposed to exiting the vortex.
11-10 What is windmill brake state? (Turbine systems)
the vortex ring state and the corresponding descent rate is allowed to progress to what is windmill brake state
-the point where the airflow is completely up through the rotor, the only recovery may be an autorotation.
How should a tandem helicopter get out of VRS?
Tandem rotor helicopters should maneuver laterally to achieve clean air in both rotors at the same time.
11-10 Retreating blade stall is a factor in limiting a helicopter’s never-exceed speed (VNE) and its development can be felt by (3 things)
-a low frequency vibration,
-pitching up of the nose,
-and a roll in the direction of the retreating blade.
11-11 List some things that can cause retreating blade stall (4)
- High weight, low rotor RPM.
- High density altitude.
- Turbulence.
- Steep abrupt turns.
11-11 As altitude is increased, higher blade angles are required to maintain lift at a given airspeed. Thus, retreating blade stall is encountered at a ______ forward airspeed at altitude.
lower
Most manufacturers publish charts and graphs showing a VNE decrease with altitude.
11-12 For dynamic rollover to occur the following three factors must be present. (3)
For dynamic rollover to occur the following three factors must be present:
1. A rolling moment
2. A pivot point other than the helicopter’s normal CG
3. Thrust greater than weight
11-11 if a pilot at high weight and high DA is about to conduct a high reconnaissance prior to a confined area operation where rolling into a steep turn causes onset of RBS, the recovery is to ______
Roll out of the turn.
11-12 Role tilt range of the average rotor.(dynamic rollover)
5-8 degrees
How to recover from dynamic rollover? (1)
Reduce collective.
11-12 The following conditions are most critical for helicopters critical rollover with counterclockwise rotor rotation (4)
- Right side skid or landing wheel down.
- Right lateral center of gravity (CG).
- Crosswinds from the left.
- Left yaw inputs.
11-13 Dynamic rollover is possible even during normal takeoffs and landings on relatively level ground, if one wheel or skid is on the ground and
thrust (lift) is approximately equal to the weight of the helicopter.
At what angle will a rotor blade stall?
15 degrees
11-16 list ways a pilot can recognize a low rotor RPM situation (3)
-besides the indicator decreasing will also notice a change in torque that produces yaw
-a noticeable decrease an engine noise
-an increase in vibration at higher airspeed or in turns
11-16 to recover from the low rotor RPM condition the pilot must simultaneously (3)
- Lower the collective.
- Increase throttle if available.
- Apply aft cyclic to maintain a level attitude.
What are the two categories of anti-torque failure?
- Failure of the power drive portion of the tail rotor disc.
- Mechanical control failure.
11-16 Tail rotor “drive system” failures include (3)
- Driveshaft failures.
- Tail rotor gearbox failures.
- Complete loss of the tail rotor.
11-17 the landing profile for a stuck left pedal is best described as
(Auto rotation makes things worse )
-A normal to steep approach angle to arrive approximately 2 to 3 feet landing gear height above the intended landing area as translational lift is lost
