haem/ oncology Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

what happens in ITP

A

immune. destruction circulating platelets by IgG

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2
Q

what happens in ITP

A

immune. destruction circulating platelets by IgG

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3
Q

features ITP

A

2-10y. onset after 1-2w after viral infection. usually short Hx days or weeks.

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4
Q

signs ITP

A

petechiae, purpura, superficial bruising, epistaxis, other mucosal bleeding. profuse bleeding is uncommon.

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5
Q

what are the platelet levels in ITP

A

often falls to below 10

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6
Q

diagnosis ITP

A

of exclusion. younger child- consider congenital eg Bernard soulier syndrome. do bone marrow to exclude acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia if anaemia, neutropenia, hep splen meg

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7
Q

diagnosis ITP

A

of exclusion. younger child- consider congenital eg Bernard soulier syndrome. do bone marrow to exclude acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia if anaemia, neutropenia, hep splen meg

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8
Q

features ITP

A

2-10y. onset after 1-2w after viral infection. usually short Hx days or weeks.

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9
Q

signs ITP

A

petechiae, purpura, superficial bruising, epistaxis, other mucosal bleeding. profuse bleeding is uncommon.

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10
Q

what are the platelet levels in ITP

A
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11
Q

what is a rare complication ITP

A

intracranial haemorrhage

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12
Q

treatment chronic ITP

A

supportive. drug treatment only if chronic persistent bleeding affecting daily life, QOL

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13
Q

if going to treat with steroids ITP what should you do

A

examine bone marrow as could mask ALL

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14
Q

what treatments are there for chronic ITP

A

ritixumab- antibody against B lymphocytes. thrombopoietic growth factors. splenectomy

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15
Q

when would you treat in ITP

A

major bleeding or persistent minor bleeding

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16
Q

treatments ITP

A

oral pred. IV anti D or IVIg. platelet transfusion if life threatening

17
Q

what is chronic ITP

A

in 20%, platelet count remains low after 6 months diagnosis

18
Q

diagnosis neuroblastoma

A

catecholamine degradation products- VMA, HMMA usually raised

19
Q

treatment neuroblastoma

A

chemo with radio and surgery

20
Q

what treatments are there for chronic ITP

A

ritixumab- antibody against B lymphocytes. thrombopoietic growth factors. splenectomy

21
Q

what is a neuroblastoma

A

malignant tumour arising from sympathetic nervous tissue. derived from neural crest tissue which makes up sympathetic chain and adrenal medulla

22
Q

where does neuroblastoma commonly develop

A

adrenal gland

23
Q

presentation neuroblastoma

A

abdominal mass, mass can be present anywhere along sympathetic chain. large tumour. early mets to bone, liver, skin.

24
Q

prognosis Wilms

A

90% long term survival

25
treatment neuroblastoma
chemo with radio and surgery
26
signs retinoblastoma
strabismus (squint) and leukocoria (white pupil). absent red reflex
27
presentation Wilms tumour
unilateral abdominal mass (95% unilat), often solid and cystic mass. fever, flank pain. haematuria not common.
28
diagnosis Wilms tumour
US- renal pelvis distortion. hydronephrosis. CT/MRI
29
management Wilms tumour
avoid biopsy. nephrectomy + vincristine and actinomycin for 4 weeks preop. 2 drugs for early tumour and no radio, 3 drugs for more advanced with radiotherapy
30
prognosis Wilms
90% long term survival
31
what is retinoblastoma
most common intraocular tumour in childhood.
32
signs retinoblastoma
strabismus (squint) and leukocoria (white pupil). absent red reflex
33
when would you think it is familial (RB)
bilateral. RB1 gene which is a tumour suppressor gene
34
treatment RB
chemo (good for bilat), enucleation, external beam radiotherapy. screen parents and siblings
35
what is RB associated with
sarcomas- rhabdosarcoma, osteosarcoma