Haematological cancers

Question 1

Average age of AML

Answer 1

65

Question 2

Symptoms of AML

Answer 2

BM failure, infiltration of organs

Question 3

% lymphoblasts in BM

Answer 3

> 20%

Question 4

Treatment for AML

Answer 4

Chemotherapy and stem cell transplant

Question 5

5 year survival rate AML

Answer 5

30%

Question 6

Most common childhood malignancy

Answer 6

ALL

Question 7

Specific Sx of ALL

Answer 7

Constitutional, lymphadenopathy, bone pain, mediastinal infiltration
Fever, lymphadenopathy

Question 8

Treatment for ALL

Answer 8

Chemotherapy and stem cell transplant

Question 9

Average age for ALL

Answer 9

<5

Question 10

5 year survival rate ALL

Answer 10

80% children

Question 11

Average age CML

Answer 11

50-60

Question 12

What chromosome is associated with CML

Answer 12

Philadelphia t(9:22) - BCR-ABL gene

Question 13

Pathophysiology CML

Answer 13

Uncontrolled proliferation of functioning WBC - therefore not recurrent infections

Question 14

Phases of CML

Answer 14

Chronic, accelerated, blast crisis

Question 15

Chronic phase of CML

Answer 15

Constitutional symptoms, splenomegaly

Question 16

Accelerated phase of CML

Answer 16

Pancytopenia, increased blood viscosity

Question 17

Blast crisis phase of CML

Answer 17

Terminal phase
Resembles acute leukaemia
BM failure - pain and pancytopenia
Prognosis 3-6 months

Question 18

Treatment blast phase

Answer 18

Treat as acute leukemia - chemotherapy and stem cell transplant

Question 19

Average age of CLL

Answer 19

70

Question 20

Other name for CLL

Answer 20

Low-grade non-Hodgkins lymphoma

Question 21

CLL vs ALL

Answer 21

CLL has less blasts than ALL

Question 22

Cells involved in CLL

Answer 22

B cells

Question 23

Symptoms of CLL

Answer 23

Constitutional, painless lymphadenopathy, hepato/splenomegaly, repeated infections, pancytopenia, skin affected

Question 24

Three phases of CLL

Answer 24

Asymptomatic, symptomatic and advanced, refractory and recurrent

Question 25

CLL prognosis

Answer 25

Older - poor prognosis Average survival - 10 years 30% never need treatment

Question 26

Classification of multiple myeloma

Answer 26

IgG or IgA

Question 27

Define multiple myeloma

Answer 27

Neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells

Question 28

Pathophysiology of MM

Answer 28

Overproduction of monoclonal Ig - non-functional antibodies leading to a deficiency of functional antibodies and hyperviscosity

Question 29

Symptoms of MM

Answer 29

``` CRAB Calcium increase Renal insufficiency (increased creatinine and decreased clearance) Anaemia Bone lesions ```

Question 30

Management of asymptomatic MM

Answer 30

Watch and wait

Question 31

Management of symptomatic MM

Answer 31

Stem cell transplant and chemotherapy Bisphosphonates EPO and GCSF transfusions

Question 32

Define lymphoma

Answer 32

Malignant change in lymphocytes, LN cells or lymphatic tissue of marrow

Question 33

Hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 33

``` 12% lymphomas Younger people Favourable diagnosis Painless lymphadenopathy Reed-Sternberg cells (B cell) ```

Question 34

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 34

88% lymphomas 14 subtypes B, T, NK cells eg. diffuse large B cell lymphoma