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Complexities of the Newborn > Haematological Disorders of the Neonate > Flashcards

Haematological Disorders of the Neonate Flashcards

1
Q

What is Polcythaemia?

A

excessive RBC levels (>22g/dL) and blood viscosity

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2
Q

What causes polcythaemia?

A

placental insufficiency
intrauterine hypoxia

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of polcythaemia?

A

plethora
cyanosis

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4
Q

What could be prescribed for polcythaemia?

A

iv fluids
exchange transfusion

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5
Q

What is VKDB?

A

Vitamin K-Deficiency/Dependent Bleeding
“a haemorrhagic tendency caused by Vitamin K deficiency and decreased activation of Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C , and Protein S

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6
Q

What causes VKDB?

A

Inadequate placental transfer
deficient hepatic stores
limited dietary intake
limited neonatal gut flora to convert Vit K to it’s active form

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7
Q

What are the types of VKDB?

A

Early - mother on antio-convulsnats/antituvercular meds/ Warfarin
Classic - day 2-6
late-onset - day 14-109 –> intracranial bleeding

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8
Q

What is the presentation of VKDB?

A

Haematemesis/melaena
oosing puncture sites
diffuse bleeding from umbilical stump
severe jaundice

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9
Q

What is the prevention of VKDB?

A

Vitamin K prophylaxis (1mg = T baby) (0.5mg PT baby)

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10
Q

What is the treatment of VKDB?

A

administer Vit K
correct coagulation imbalance
treat anaemia
investigate for long term sequelae of complications –> intrcranial haemorrhage

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11
Q

what does HDN stand for?

A

Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn

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12
Q

What does DCT stand for?

A

Direct Coombs Test

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13
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A

immature RBC

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14
Q

What is Rh factor?

A

it’s a protein that can be present on the surface of RBC

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15
Q

What is Rh Isoimmunisation?

A

A condition that happens when a pregnant woman’s blood protein is incompatible with the baby’s, causing her immune system to react and destroy the baby’s blood cells

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16
Q

What are the risk factors of Rh Isoimmunisation?

A

previous pregnancy
delivery
Aminocentesis, choronic villus sampling; External version (of breech)
manual removal of placenta
placental abruption
ectopic pregnancy
spontaneous/therapeutic abortion
male sex

17
Q

What Antenatal screenings happen for RhD?

A

blood group
rh typing
antibody screening
high resolution U/S

18
Q

What infant screening happen for RhD?

A

FBC
blood film
group and DCT

19
Q

What types of Coombes Test are there?

A

Direct detects antibodies that are bound to the RBCs
Indirect Coombes detects antibodies in the serum

20
Q

What clinical signs present for RhD?

A

jaundice
tissue hypoxia
congestive cardiac failure
ascites
petechiae
hypoglycaemia
positive DCT

21
Q

What prevention is there for RhD?

A

Anti-D
early phototherapy

22
Q

How is ABO Incompatibility presented?

A

Jaundice
anaemia (mild)

23
Q

How is ABO Incompatibility diagnosed?

A

blood group and RH typing
DCT
FBC and Retics
Blood film
SBR

Complexities of the Newborn (12 decks)

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