Haematology Flashcards

Question

What score is used to calculate risk of bleeding?

Answer 1

CHA2DS2VASc ``` CHF HTN >75 years DM Stroke Vascular Age 65-74 Sex (female) ```

Answer 2

Dysregulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis Results in widespread clotting and resultant bleeding Mediated by Tissue Factor

Answer 3

sepsis trauma obstetric complications malignancy

Answer 4

``` ↓ platelets ↓ fibrinogen ↑ PT & APTT ↑ fibrinogen degradation products schistocytes (haemolytic anaemia) ```

Answer 5

PT prolonged APTT normal Platelet count normal

Answer 6

PT normal APTT normal Bleeding time prolonged Platelet count normal

Answer 7

``` Petechiae Haematuria Epistaxis Gangrene Mental disorientation ```

Answer 8

``` Platelet count PT Fibrinogen D-dimer APTT ```

Answer 9

Treat underlying cause If high bleeding risk or active bleeding: Platelet transfusion FFP for coagulation factors If chronic: Heparin Antifibrinolytic agents e.g. tranexeamic acid

Answer 10

Sickle cell GP6D deficiency Hereditary spherocytosis (decreased red cell lifespan)

Answer 11

Vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency Iron-deficiency anaemia Splenectomy (increased red cell lifespan)

Answer 12

High affinity for haemoglobin Left-shit of O2 dissociation curve Tissue hypoxia Pulse Ox might be falsely high

Answer 13

Intracellular protein that binds iron and stores it

Answer 14

CML Polycythaemia vera Essential Thrombocythaemia Primary myelofibrosis

Answer 15

Rare disorders of the bone marrow that cause an increase in the number of blood cells

Answer 16

``` asympto headaches tiredness bruising or unusual bleeding blurred vision ringing in your ears getting more infections than usual ```

Answer 17

myeloproliferative disorder associated with an increase in number and size of circulating platelets

Answer 18

Platelet count >450x10^9/L Large platelets seen on peripheral blood smear Howell-Jolly bodies

Answer 19

Plateletpheresis Removing blood, separating it, removing platelets before returning

Answer 20

reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Answer 21

``` Chemo Radio B12 def Folic acid def Non-hodgkins ```

Answer 22

Relative - dehydration - stress Primary - vera Secondary - COPD - altitude - OSA - excess erythropoietin

Answer 23

myeloproliferative disorder caused by clonal proliferation of a marrow stem cell leading to an increase in red cell volume

Answer 24

``` hyperviscosity pruritus, typically after a hot bath splenomegaly haemorrhage (secondary to abnormal platelet function) plethoric appearance hypertension in a third of patients low ESR ```

Answer 25

full blood count/film (raised haematocrit; neutrophils, basophils, platelets raised in half of patients) JAK2 mutation serum ferritin renal and liver function tests

Answer 26

``` If JAK2 mutation present: High haematocrit (>0.52 in men, >0.48 in women) OR raised red cell mass ``` No JAK2 mutation: Raised red cell mass (>25% above predicted) OR haematocrit >0.60 in men, >0.56 in women + Splenomegaly/Thrombocytosis etc.

Answer 27

Asprin Phlebotomy Cytoreductive therapy (Chemo)

Answer 28

``` Anticoagulant use, NSAIDs, corticosteroids Heavy alcohol use Drug induced thrombocytopenia Von Willebrand disease Cushings Abuse Bone marrow malignancy ```

Answer 29

``` Myelofibrosis CML Malaria Haemolytic anaemia Infection e.g. hepatitis, EBV Sickle cell but can also be atrophied Infective endocarditis RA ```

Answer 30

Cirrhosis Malignancy Right sided HF

Answer 31

Red or purple non-blanching macules smaller than 2 mm in diameter

Answer 32

spots larger than 2 mm in diameter | non-blanching

Answer 33

Meningococcal sepsis Acute Leukaemia Von Willebrand disease Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Haematology Flashcards

(61 cards)