Haematology Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the prevalence of hospital acquired anemia? What is it associated with? Is it prognostically significant?
JVIM 2016: Admission anaemia in 32%, during hospitalisation 56% (+24%). Associated with surgery and increased blood samples and being a cat. Anaemic dogs less likely to survive to discharge
What marker of oxidative stress was different between anemic and non anemic dogs?
JVIM 2017: Glutathione peroxidase activity. Not different between haemolytic and non haemolytic anemia though
Name another blood group in dogs apart from DEA? What is the most common form in North America of this type and does it come with preformed antibodies?
JVIM 2016: Kai 1 and Kai 2. Kai 1+ Kai 2- most common in this survey (95%) and no dogs positive for both. No antibodies for this group and no association with DEA
What is the mode of transmission of the blood type DAL? What breeds are most commonly reported DAL -ve and what is the significance of this?
JVIM 2017: Autosomal dominant. Dal -ve most commonly in Dobermans (4%), Dalmations (11%), Shih Taus (57%) and mixed breed dogs 2.5%. Only 2.4% of donors negative overall. Dal -ve dogs can become sensitised through transfusion with a positive dog
Name a feline blood type other than A/B. What was the incidence of major cross match incompatibilities in cats which were transfusion native? what is the clinical impact?
JVIM 2018: Mik group. 14.9% had major compatibilities which were transfusion naiive (27% which weren’t naiive). Febrile reactions more common in non-crossmatched cats. Crossmatching did not improve survival or PCV increase
What blood indices can change in dogs donating blood more than 6 times annually?
JVIM 2015: Lower PCV, HCT, Retic count. Mature RBC indices were normal, but reticulocyte volume and haemoglobin content were lower. Iron and ferritin levels were the same but they had lower total iron binding capacity.
What is CTAD anticoagulant (acronym)? what can it be used for and what can’t it be used for?
JFMS 2017: citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole. Can be used for routine haematology, biochemistry (with some limitations - AST, albumin, CK, ALP) and coags in cats but not platelet aggrenometry.
Does rivaroxaban require special administration in regards to food and gastroprotectants? What can be used to monitor its activity?
JVECC 2018: Given without food did increase anti-Xa activity at 36 hours but not at other time points. No impact on feeding overall and gastroprotectants not significant
What point of care test has excellent correlation with anti-Xa (rivaroxaban activity) in dogs? What is the recommended change?
JVECC 2019: PT. TEG correlated poorly.
JVIM 2019: 1.5-1.9 prolongation in PT, 3 hours post. R value of TEG could also be used, but needed to use tissue factors.
What is the effect of hexastarch administration to dogs with systemic inflammation? what about healthy dogs? Did saline have any impact on coagulation?
JVIM 2015: transient hyaocoagulability was seen in dogs administered LPS, with a prolonged APTT, decreased clot formation speed/strength and acquired type 1 VWD
What is the effect of hexastarch administration to dogs with systemic inflammation? what about healthy dogs? Did saline have any impact on coagulation?
JVIM 2015: transient hyaocoagulability was seen in dogs administered LPS, with a prolonged APTT, decreased clot formation speed/strength and acquired type 1 VWD
What is the effect of Yunnan Baiyao on coagulation as per TEG?
JVECC 2018: increased G, A30 and A60 values and after 1 week decreased LY30 and LY60. Suggestive of increased clot strength
What was the effect of volume replacement with tetra starch on haemorrhaged dogs?
JVIM 2018: No effect on BMBT, increased APTTT 4 hours post. TEG changes with both TS and LRS. Conclusion was a transient dilution coagulopathy was seen which is similar to LRS
What ROTEM variable is an alternative to fibrinogen activity using the clauss method?
JVIM 2019: Maximum clot firmness was strongly correlated and therefore could be used instead to evaluate the effect of fibrinogen on homeostasis.
What TEG variables are negative prognostic indicators for dogs with chronic hepatitis?
JVIM 2017: Hyperfibrinolysis was associated with high disease activity. Hypocoagulability was a negative prognostic indicator.
What was the recorded prevalence of Aortic thromboembolism in a north American teaching hospital? What breed had increased odds and what disease was most commonly recorded?
JAVMA 2017: 0.03%. Shetland sheepdogs increased OR (2.59), PLN present in 22%
What disorders were identified in reticulocytosis cases without anaemia in dogs and cats?
JSAP 2018: < 2% were healthy animals. Blood loss, cardiorespiratory disease, GI disease, inflammatory disease and cancer were most frequent. Mortality rate was 37 and 29% for cats and dogs respectively
What is methemoglobin? In what breed is congenital methHb reported and what is the cause?
Methemoglobin has an iron molecule in the oxidised (Fe3+)/ferric state. It has impaired ability to bind oxygen. Reduction to haemoglobin requires NADH B5 meth reductase. In Pomeranians a mutation of this reductase ((CYB5R3) leads to NADH B5 reductase deficiency (mis sense mutation)
What % of dogs with splenic torsion that undergo surgery survive to discharge? What breed are over represented? what factors are associated with non survival? was splenic neoplasia common?
JAVMA 2016: 91% survive to discharge. GSD, Danes and English Bulldogs were common breeds. Septic peritonitis, intraoperative haemorrhage and post op respiratory distress was associated with non survival. No spleens were neoplastic
In dogs <16kg that have splenectomy, what is the most common neoplasia? which breed most commonly had splenic malignancies in this weight category? was haemabdomen associated with malignancy?
JAVMA 2017: HSA, Wheaton terriers, there wasn’t an association between haemoperitoneum and malignant disease
What sonographic factors are associated with clinically significant splenic cytology?
JVIM 2019: Nodules 1-2cm, target lesions and peritoneal effusion. Clinically relevant findings in 20% of dogs in this study
What factors are associated with higher platelet concentrations in donations for platelet concentrates in dogs?
JVIM 2017: Higher platelet counts, lipemia and phosphorous levels. Explained 29% of variance in total
What diseases are associated with thrombocytosis (categories). Is there an association with severity?
JVIM 2017: Neoplasia (carcinoma commonly) - 55.7%, endocrine disease, inflammatory disease. Immune mediated disease was common (22%) and had higher PLT count than other causes of inflammatory diseases
What is the difference in platelet aggrenometry after clopidogrel administration in PLN dogs and healthy dogs?
JVIM 2019: all but 1 dog in the PLN group had suppressed PA with ADP as the stimuli, but not with arachidonic acid. Notably, no difference was seen in either type of PA after aspirin administration.
