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Vet614 - Small Animal Practice > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you work out how much blood to give dog/cat in transfusion?

A

weight x blood volume x (desired PVC - Current PCV)/donor pcv)

  • Blood volume Cats = 60ml/kg
  • Dogs 90ml/kg

1ml/kg pRBC will rise pcv 1%

2ml/kg FWB will raise PCV 1%

Give slow 1ml/kg/hr for 15mins

If no reactions

Give remanider / 4hrs

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2
Q

If treatint immune mediated polyarthropathies with Azathioprine

WHat is the minimum lenght of time to use?

Whats the precautions?

A
  • Using the drug
    • Minimum of 10 days to full effect (possibly up to 6 weeks) (Lag phase)
  • Precautions
    • Monitor haemogram, ALT
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3
Q

With Pallor whats the difference in PCV and CRT for the 2 causes?

A
  • Anaemia
    • PCV = Reduced
    • CRT = Normal
  • Shock
    • PCV = Normal
    • CRT =Prolonged
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4
Q

What is the intrinsic pathway?

A

aPTT

12

11

9

8

10

5

pro–> Thrombin

Fibrinogen–>Fibrin

Clot

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5
Q

Whats the name for low platelet count?

A

Thrombocytopenia

Normal = 10-30 platelets [per High power field (100X)

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6
Q

Mechanisms that can lead to thrombocytopenia

A
  • Destruction (Immune mediateds
  • Consumption/loss
  • Sequestration - Called to the spleen (Splenomegally, or IMHA, torsion, haemangiosarcoma
  • Reduced production (Bone marrow issue)
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7
Q

What does a Neutrophil left shift indicate?

A

Bands - Immature

  • Infection
    • Severe Bacterial infection will have morphologic changes
  • Immune mediated disease
  • Necrosis
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8
Q

What are teh diagnostic criteria for Immune mediated polyarthritis (IMPA)

A
  • Type 1
    • non erosive, no underlying cause found
  • Type 2
    • Non erosive, underlying infection/inflammation found
  • Type 3
    • Non erosive, underlying enteropathy found
  • Type 4
    • non erosive underlying neoplasia found
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9
Q

What Blood factor has the shortest half life and there for will become deficient first?

A

Factor 7

Vitamen K Dependant 2, 7, 9, 10

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10
Q

What is the extrinsic pathway

A

3 (Tissue factor)

7

10

5

Pro–>thrombin

Fibrinogen–>Fibrin

Clot

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11
Q

Pred Typical therapeutic course for a dog?

A
  • Induction
    • 2-4mg/kg/day
  • Maintenance
    • 0.5mg/kg/day
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12
Q

What tests do we do on a oder dog we think has Hyperadrenocorticism?

A

ACTH Stimulation Corticol >600 = disease

Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression test

Treatment

Remove cortisol production with Trilostane

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13
Q

What of the polyarthropathies do we see in perth a fair bit?

A
  • Steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA)
    • Young large breed dogs <18mths
    • non erosive
    • underlying/ concurrent immune mediated meningitis
    • Present with fever and terrible neck pain, no to minimal neurologic signs.

Treatment of polyarthritis

  • Treat underlying disease
  • Analgesia as required, environmental modification
  • Dogs Immunosuppression
    • Pred +/- azathioprine
  • Cats, immunosuppression
    • Pred + Chlorambucil
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Pred +/- azathioprine, consider gold salts, lefunomide
  • Manage concurrent glomeruloephritis if present
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14
Q

What PVC do we do a transfusion in a

Stable dog

Unstable patient?

A
  • Unstable PCV ~25%
  • Stable <20%
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15
Q

DDX’s for primary haemostatic defect?

A
  • Thrombocytopaenia
  • thrombocytopathia
  • Vasculitis
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16
Q

What tests can you do to diagnose primary bleeding disorders?

ANd Secondary disorders?

A
  • Platelet COunt (confirm with a smear)
  • Platelet function test
    • Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT)
    • Platelet function analyser - 100
    • Aggregometry
  • VWF: antigen assay
  • Secondary haemostasis testing
    • Clotting times
      • Prothrombin time PT - Extrinsic and common
      • Activeted partia thromboplatin time (APTT - intrinsic and common
      • Activtated clotting time - intrinsic and common
    • Individual factor analysis
17
Q

Haemophilla A & B are congenital deficencys of which factor?

A
  • Haemophilla A = Factor 8 Difeciency
  • Haemophilla B = Factor 9 Difeciency
18
Q

How do we cross match cat blood?

A
  • Patient serum x donar RBC
  • Type B has strong antibodies against A

Dogs donat >25kg - take 450 - No fluids

Cats Donat >5kg - take 54ml- Give 100ml fluids

19
Q

Testing cats for hyperthryoidism?

A
  • Total T4 if >60nmol/L confirms disease

If its high range do a Free T4 - Beware of false positives

Treatment = Carbimazole or methimazole

Surgery thyroidectomy

20
Q

at what platelet cound do we know its not the cause of bleeding?

A

>50x1019/L

Vet614 - Small Animal Practice (4 decks)

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