Haematology and Blood Flashcards
(28 cards)
Name the condition caused by variation of Hb.
too low - anaemia
too high - polycythaemia
Name the causes of polycythaemia.
Polycythaemia vera - a myeloproliferative disorder where the bone marrow produces excess RBCs
COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulty
Living at an altitude
Exogenous EPO - used by Professional cyclists
Name the conditions and sub-conditions of Anaemia.
Depending on MCV :
Microcytic: low MCV
Normocytic : normal MCV
Macrocytic : High MCV
Name the things that cause each subtype of anaemia
Microcytic anaemia
- Anaemia of inflammation
chronic inflammatory condition lowering haemoglobin over time
- iron deficiency
could be caused by blood loss, Celiac Disease, poor dietary intake
- thalassemia
an inherited condition where there’s a reduction in the amount of haemoglobin produced
Normocytic anaemia
- Anaemia of inflammation
- myeloma
Bone marrow cancer that results in pancytopenia (red and white cells and platelets are low)
- acute blood loss
Macrocytic anaemia
- B12/Folate deficiency
- Haemolysis - can be caused by infection, autoimmune haemolysis or a condition called spherocytosis - where RBCs are spherical rather than biconcave
- Chronic alcohol consumption
- Hypothyroidism
What’s Haematocrit (Hct)?
Another name for HcT
What can affect it?
Hct is the percentage of blood that is made of RBCs
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
It can be affected by the number of red cells or the volume of blood plasma
Name the condition caused by variation of WBC?
too high - leucocytosis
too low - Leucopenia
….
Name the condition caused by the variation of platelets.
too high - thrombocytosis
too low - thrombocytopenia
Name the different types of WBC in a white cell differential count and name conditions that it could be when elevated.
lymphocyte - viral infections
neutrophil - a bacterial infection
basophil - atopy
eosinophil - atopy / parasitic infection
Another name for Hct.
Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
Formulae for MCV
HcT/RBC
Formulae for MCH
Hb/RBC
Name the disciplines of BMS.
Categories: Infectious sciences (2)
Cellular Sciences (3)
Blood Sciences (4)
Describe the 3 analytical stages of caring for a patient
Define Phlebotomy
Drawing of blood
What is the reason to putting blood sample in vacutainers with anticoagulants in?
Name the possible errors while taking blood.
Define Haematology.
the study of morphology and physiology of blood
What does the haematology department do?
The haematology department diagnose and monitor conditions to do with the blood and blood related diseases.
Name a few conditions that haematology looks into.
Anaemia
Leukaemia
Define:
Haemopoiesis
Thrombopoiesis
erythropoiesis
granulopoiesis
Haemopoiesis
Making of blood
Thrombopoiesis
Making of platelets
erythropoiesis
the making of RBCs
granulopoiesis
making of WBCs
Name the 4 types of Haemopoiesis assessments.
1) FBC - Full blood Count
2) reticulocyte count
3) Bone marrow aspiration
4) Trephine Biopsy
Name the main components of blood and the percentages of each component
Blood -
Plasma - 55%
cellular components - 45%
Plasma:
91% water
7% plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, albumin and globulin
0.1% - electrolytes
Cellular components
RBC - 95%
WBC - 0.1%
platelets - 4.9%
Approx number of Hb molecules in each RBC
20 million
