Haematology III-White Blood Cells

Question 1

what is the precursor of WBCs except lymphocytes

Answer 1

myeloblasts

Question 2

what is a lymphoid progenitor

Answer 2

precursor of lymphocytes

Question 3

what are the different types of lymphocytes?

Answer 3

B, T and natural killer

Question 4

what is another name for wbcs?

Answer 4

leukocytes

Question 5

what does the nucleus of wbcs allow them to do

Answer 5

capability of repair and allows them to remain in the tissue longer

Question 6

what are the arm like features of wbcs? what is their function?

Answer 6

pseudopodia
aids movement in tissues

Question 7

what are the 3 roles of WBCs ?

Answer 7

defense vs pathogens
toxin and waste removal
remove damaged cells

Question 8

where do wbcs mainly act?

Answer 8

outside in tissues- in transit between sites of activity

Question 9

Diapedesis

Answer 9

movement into tissue through blood vessel walls

Question 10

what movement are all wbcs capable of?

Answer 10

amoeboid movement

Question 11

what stimuli are wbcs attracted to?

Answer 11

specific chemical stimuli

Question 12

Which wbcs are phagocytes?

Answer 12

neutrophil, eosinophils and monocytes

Question 13

which wbcs are granulocytes?

Answer 13

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 14

granulocytes

Answer 14

contain granules in cytoplasm

Question 15

agranulocytes

Answer 15

no visual granules under microscope

Question 16

which wbcs are agranulocytes

Answer 16

monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 17

what is the normal wbc count in blood

Answer 17

approx 4-11 x 109 /litre blood

Question 18

what could an over production of wbcs indicate?

Answer 18

signs of leukaemia

Question 19

what is the ratio of RBCs: platelets : WBCs

Answer 19

700 : 40 : 1

Question 20

which type of WBC is the most common?

Answer 20

neutrophils

Question 21

what percentage of WBCs are neutrophils

Answer 21

50-70%

Question 22

diameter of neutrophils

Answer 22

9-15µm diameter (12 µm)

Question 23

lobes of neutrophil nucleus

Answer 23

2-5 lobes (lobes related to maturity, the more mature, the more lobes )

Question 24

function of neutrophils

Answer 24

first line of defence against bacterial infection

Question 25

how long do neutrophils circulate in the blood

Answer 25

approx 10 hours

Question 26

how long do neutrophils stay in tissue?

Answer 26

approx 10-12 days

Question 27

what are neutrophils broken down by?

Answer 27

macrophages

Question 28

what is pus composed of ?

Answer 28

combination of bacteria, chemical released by the bacteria and broken down wbcs

Question 29

percentage of wbcs eosinophils make up

Answer 29

2-4%

Question 30

diameter of eosinophils

Answer 30

10-12µm diameter

Question 31

nucleus of eosinophils

Answer 31

Bilobular nucleus

Question 32

functions of eosinophils

Answer 32

-Release toxic compounds, e.g. NO and cytotoxic enzymes -Combat parasitic infections -Also attack bacteria, protozoa, debris

Question 33

how long do eosinophils circulate in the blood?

Answer 33

Circulate in blood approx. 8-12 hours migrate to tissues

Question 34

how long do eosinophils last in tissues

Answer 34

Survive approx. 1-3 days

Question 35

when may the count of eosinophils increase

Answer 35

Allergies, asthma

Question 36

what does it show when wbcs shapes appear more abnormal

Answer 36

they are more activated

Question 37

percentage of wbcs basophils make up?

Answer 37

<1% of WBC, least common

Question 38

diameter of basophils

Answer 38

8-10µm diameter

Question 39

nucleus of basophils

Answer 39

bilobed S shape nucleus

Question 40

what do the granules of basophils secrete?

Answer 40

histamine and heparin

Question 41

histamine

Answer 41

allergic response and inflammation (dilates blood vessels)

Question 42

heparin

Answer 42

natural anticoagulant and helps prevent excessive clotting

Question 43

function of basophils

Answer 43

Inflammatory response

Question 44

why might basophils be precursors to mast cells?

Answer 44

share common bone marrow precursor and have similar clusters on their surface

Question 45

in what disease is there an increase in basophils

Answer 45

leukaemia

Question 46

what percentage of wbcs are monocytes

Answer 46

2-10%

Question 47

diameter of wbcs

Answer 47

Up to 20µm diameter

Question 48

nucleus of monocyte

Answer 48

Large kidney/horse shoe shaped nucleus,

Question 49

cytoplasm of monocyte

Answer 49

Extensive cytoplasm

Question 50

how long do monocytes stay in circulation

Answer 50

3-4 days

Question 51

what type of macrophages are monocytes

Answer 51

tissue macrophages

Question 52

how long do monocytes stay in tissues

Answer 52

several months to years

Question 53

what percentage of wbcs do lymphocytes make up

Answer 53

20-30%

Question 54

diameter of lymphocytes

Answer 54

6-15µm diameter

Question 55

lifespan of lymphocytes

Answer 55

weeks to several years

Question 56

function of lymphocytes

Answer 56

central role in all immunological defense mechanisms Circulate between various lymphoid tissues and all other tissues of body via blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 57

T lymphocyte

Answer 57

mediate cell-mediated immunity (e.g. transplant rejection)

Question 58

B lymphocytes

Answer 58

differentiate into plasma cells; secrete antibodies (humoral immunity)

Question 59

Natural Killer cells

Answer 59

“immune surveillance” - important in preventing cancer