Haematoma

Question 1

Epidural haematoma

Answer 1

Bleeding of arterial blood between the dura and the inner surface of the skull.

Symptoms: unconsciousness with brief lucid ness, headaches, nausea

Management: rapid surgical intervention to evacuate haematoma and prevent cerebral herniation

Question 2

Subdural haematoma

Answer 2

Bleeding between the dura matter and the arachnoid layer of the meninges. Slow to develop due to its venous origin.

Symptoms: decreased LOC and headaches

Management: surgical intervention

Question 3

Subarachnoid haematoma

Answer 3

Intracranial bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid filled space between the arachnoid and Pia mater membrane.

Symptoms: complaint of the worst headache of their life, symptoms of meningism, stiff neck, vomiting, photophobia, limb weakness, seizures, and vision changes

Management: drug therapy and surgical intervention including craniotomy and clipping of aneurysm or cerebral angiogram and cooling of anaeurysm

Question 4

Intracerebral haematoma

Answer 4

Intracranial blood vessel rupture due to weakened or diseased blood vessels( related to hypertension). Often due to crushing or penetrating injuries

Question 5

Intraventricular haematoma

Answer 5

Blood within the ventricles of the brain

Question 6

Haematoma

Answer 6

A localised collection of blood following damage to cerebral blood vessels. Haematomas occur through head trauma, an increase in brain mass or blood volume

Question 7

Nursing management

Answer 7

GCS
Mental status
Pupil reactivity
Muscular weakness