Haemotological malignancy ALL AML CLL CML lymphomas Flashcards by keenin stone

Q

What are the common Acute leukaemia?

They come from Common myeloid or common lymphoid prgenitor

How do acute leakaemias present????

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Q

What are the characteristics of major subtypes of leukemia?

ALL

AML

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Q

What is a blood film?

What is a normal blood film made up of?

What do acute leukameias look like on film - Nuceloili, large (increased amount of blast cells, large, large cytoplasm vs nucleus ratio

What other blood tests need to be done for acute leukemias?

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Q

What is a bone marrow biopsy? Why is it needed?

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Q

What is flow cytometry? Why is it needed? what does it show?

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Q

How is flow cytometry completed? What are they looking for? (cell surface markers)

e.g Blasts

CLL types

Lymphocyte subsets - cd4/8

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Q

What is cytogenetics, FISH studies of karyotypes?

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Q

What is AML? What is the epidemiology?

What is the median age of diagnosis?

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Q

What are the causes of AML? (can be associated with) (sporadic!!!)

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Q

HOW do we define AML (do not need to know) ever changing….

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Q

What are important prognostic factors for leukaemia?

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Q

What is the treatment approach for leukameia-

What is induction chemotherapy - what is the aim of this?

A

infection massive risk for these patients
as their bone marrow is suppressed for a whole month
very aggressive aims to put into remission early on

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Q

What is azactidine?

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Q

What is a bone marrow transplant?

What does it aim to do?

Who should we transplant

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Q

What is ALL

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Q

What is CLL? Who does it affect most? (it is most common leukaemia)

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A

Q

How does CLL present?

What are the signs on examination

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1) Lymphadenopahty
2) heptomegaly

Splenomegaly

Q

How do we workup patients with CLL?

what is important to look for?

What imaging - CXR

BM

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A

Q

What are indications for treatment with CLL- (not all need or will be treated vs acute which need to be treated immediately)

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A

Q

How do we determine patients prognosis?

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A

FISH anaylsis

Q

What is the treatment choices?

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A

Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy and targeted therapies

Q

Lymphoma

What are the two major types?

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A

Q

What are the major cells types of lymphomas?

What is the most aggressive non-hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL 31%)

Mantle cell? - can very aggressive

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A

Q

What accounts for 10-15% of (NHL cases)?

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How do we investigate/workup patients with lymphoma?

1. Biospy core or excisonal 2. histolgy 3. flow cytometry 4. staging

How do we stage Lymphomas? (Ann arbor staging system)

What is indolent NHL? What are the indications for treating? (e.g B symptoms) (most indolent lymphomas wont need to much treatment- not suspectible as much to chemotherapy) What is an indolent example?

Each indolent lymphoma has its own prgnositic score. (dont need to know)

What are the aims for aggressive NHL? What is DLBCL? (most common aggressive)

What is myleoma ?(disease of plasma cells)- they produce antibodies How do Myleomas present clinically?

What are the investigations and workup for Myleomas? What are paraprotiens?

- electrophoresis will show excess types of one type of antibodies! (all the same size, electrosensitibity) -Has monoclonal

Diagnotics criteria What is MGUS? Smouldering Myeloma? Multiple myleoma?

FISH anaylsis = genetic + clinical symptoms determines treatment type

What are myeloma defining events? (CRAB) What are the treatment options for MM? (it is non-curative) What is the importance of supportive care - e.g bisphosphonates

Supportive care and needs for patients with haemotological malignancy