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PEDIA2 > HAI & FUO > Flashcards

HAI & FUO Flashcards

1
Q

What re the factors that increase susceptibility?

A

Host factors
Recent invasive procedures
Presence of catheters or other devices
Prolonged antibiotic use

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2
Q

What is the most common route of HAI?

A

Hands (direct contact or by importing or transmitting bacteria)

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3
Q

What are the common causes of HAI in children/

A

Rotavirus & Respiraotry viruses
Staphylococcus spp
Gram (-) bacilli

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4
Q

When should sstandard precaution be used/

A

Whenever there is direct contact with patients

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5
Q

What are the standard precaustions in dressings?

A

Aseptic technique every7 days (transparent dressings)
Every 3 days (gauze dressings)

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6
Q

What type of antimicrobial resistance has no susceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial categories?

A

Pandrug-resistant

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7
Q

What type of antimcirobial drug resistance has no susceptibility to atleast 1 agent in all but 2 or fewer antimicrobial categories?

A

Extensively-drug resistant

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8
Q

What are impoortant vaccines needed to be given in order to be employed?

A

TDAP
Hepa B
Influenza
Varicella
MMR

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9
Q

What is the chracteristic of fever of unknown origin?

A

Fever (>38C) for more than 1 week or >8 days
For which could not be identified after 3 wks of evaluation as an outpatient or after 1 week of evaluation in the hospital

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10
Q

What re the top causes of FUO in children?

A

Infectiou diseases
Connective tissue diseases
Malignancy

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11
Q

What are the common causes of FUO in developed countries?

A

Bartonella
Tuberculosis
Osteomyelitis

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12
Q

What are the common causes of FUO in developing coutnries?

A

Brucellosis
Typhoid fever
Tuberculosis
Rickettsial infections
Abscesses

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13
Q

What is the hallmark of latent TB infection?

A

(+) Tuberculin skin test

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14
Q

Fwhat are the clinical criteria for presumptive tuberculosis in <15 yrs old?

A

Atleast 3 of the ff:
- coughing/wheezing of >2 wks or more
- unexplained fever of >2 wks or more
- weight loss/failure to gain wt/weight faltering/loss of appetite
- failure to respond to 2 wks of appropriate antibiotic therapy for lower RTI
- failure to regain prev state of health 2 wks after a viral infction or exanthema
- fatigue, reduced playfulness or lethargy

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15
Q

What are the criteria to presume a child has active TB?

A

Exposure to an adult/adolescent witha ctiev TB
(+) TST/immunologic based test
Positive signs & symptoms
Abnormal chest radiograph
+ lab tests

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16
Q

Can TB meningitis also present in px with FUO?

A

Yes

17
Q

What are the unique features of TB in children?

A
  • TB in children does not present with a localized type of disease compared to adults
  • protean manifestatoins (fever, cough, weight loss, weakness, etc)
  • greater risk of dissemination
  • Paucibacillary character
18
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of Enteric/Typhoid Fever or Salmonellosis

A

ROSE SPOTS (trunk & abdominal area; rare)
Headache, arthritis
Abdominal pain, relative bradycardia
Hepatosplenomegaly
Leukopenia

19
Q

What are the specimens used to test for Salmonellosis?

A

1st wk = blood
>1st wk = stool and urine

20
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of Cat-scratch disease?

A

Chronic regional lymphadenitis

Caused by bartonella henselae

21
Q

What are the most common causes of viral infection in children?

A

CMV EBV

22
Q

What are the diff conditions caused by CMV?

A

Encephalitis
Retinitis
Pneumonia
Gastroenteritis

23
Q

What are the characteristic signs of EBV/IM?

A

Photophobia
Tonsils reddening, swelling, white patches
Soreness, reddening

24
Q

What are autoimmune/inflammaotry diseases seen in children?

A

Kawasaki disease
Rheumatic fever
Inflammatory bowel disease
SLE
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

25
Q

What are the characteristic manifestations of Kawasaki disease?

A

CRASH & Burn

Conjunctivitis
Rash: morbilliform (macular/papular)
Adenopathy: >1.5cm, unilateral
Strawberry tongue
Hands & Feet: edema or erythema
Burn = fever of 5 days or more duration

26
Q

What are important dx info in hx of Viral disease?

A

Parents are exposed to certain chemicals at work
Px 2-5 yrs old
Pets carrier
Take note of fever periodicity`

PEDIA2 (4 decks)

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