Hair removal Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Hair removal
A
- allows large areas of unwanted hair to be removed quickly and efficiently
- the re-growth of hair in the waxed area becomes much finer, lighter and less dense if the treatment is carried out regularly
2
Q
Amount of time for re-book
A
4-6 weeks
3
Q
Minimum length of hair
A
1cm
4
Q
Depilatory wax
A
- regarded as a temporary method using warm, hot or cold wax
- the wax is applied to the treatment area, embedding the hair in it
- when the wax is removed the hairs are also removed from their roots
- they re-grow in 3-4 weeks
5
Q
Other temporary methods
A
- plucking (plucked out from the root, re-grow in 3-4 weeks)
- threading
- cutting with scissors (hairs are no removed at the root, re-grow within a few days)
- shaving (removes the hair at the skin surface, re-grow within a few days)
- depilatory creams (strong alkali chemical cream and removed after 10 min and the hairs are dissolved at the skin surface)
6
Q
Permanent hair removal methods
A
- electrical methods (epilation, galvanic electrolysis)
- laser
7
Q
Epilation
A
- a fine needle is inserted into the hair follicle
- a short wave diathermy current is applied causing heat in the follicle which coagulates the blood supply to the follicle
- hair no longer receives nourishment for growth
8
Q
Galvanic electrolysis
A
- same as above method but a direct current is applied which produces a chemical called Lye within the follicle
- this is destruction of the hair follicle by means of a chemical
9
Q
Laser
A
- the pigment (melanin) in the hair attracts the laser light which destroys the hair follicle
10
Q
Hair structure
A
- slender, thread-like outgrowth of the skin and is composed of keratin
- the hair develops within a hair follicle
- the hair follicle is supplied with blood and nutrients for growth from the Papilla
11
Q
3 parts of the hair
A
- root (part of the hair that is in the follicle)
- bulb (enlarged base of the root and contains the dividing cells that create the hair)
- shaft (part of the hair that can be seen above the skin surface)
12
Q
3 layers of hair shaft
A
- cuticle (protective outer layer that is composed of thin, unpigmented, flat cells that contains hard keratin)
- cortex (thickest layer of hair and contains pigment granules + hard keratin
- medulla (central core of the hair, contain soft keratin and sometimes pigment granules
*usually no medulla in thinner hairs
13
Q
Hair follicle (4)
A
- arrector pili muscles (cold, fright and aggression stimulate this muscle to contract, pulling the follicle and hair upright/goose-bumps effect)
- sebaceous gland (produced sebum which water-proofs, lubricates and softens the hair)
- dermal papilla (blood supply to the follicle, necessary for growth)
- matrix (made up of dividing cells that form the actual hair)
14
Q
3 main layers of the hair follicle
A
- inner epithelial root sheath (continuation of the epidermis layer of the skin and contains the henle layer, huxleys layer and cuticle)
- outer epithelial root sheath (also a continuation of the growing layer of the epidermis of the skin)
- connective tissue sheath (continuation of the dermis layer)
15
Q
Vitreous membrane
A
- Hyaline layer that separates the outer epithelial root sheath (epidermis) and the connective tissue layer (dermis)
16
Q
Types of hair
A
- Lanugo
- Vellus
- Terminal
17
Q
Lanugo hair
A
- found on fetuses and is soft, fine and un-pigmented
- they grow from the 3rd to the 5th month of pregnancy and are shed one month before the baby is born
- these hairs are then replaced with vellus and terminal hairs
18
Q
Vellus hair
A
- fine, downy and soft
- cover the whole body and face
- absent from the palms, soles, lips and genitals
- usually un-pigmented
19
Q
Terminal hair
A
- longer, darker and coarser than vellus hair
- found on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, underarms and pubic area
20
Q
Functions of hair
A
- eyelashes (filters out dust/dirt and shades the eyes from sunlight)
- eyebrows (protects the eye area and cushions the brow bone)
- scalp hairs (prevent heat loss from the body and protect against light injury to the head)
- underarm and pubic hair (protects against friction)
- body hairs (provides some insulation against heat loss)
21
Q
Superfluous hair
A
- any hairs that are regarded as excess, unwanted and unattractive to the individual person
- normal to appear at certain stages of life (puberty)
- these hairs appear on the underarm and pubic region, at pregnancy on the nipple and abdomen, and menopause they may appear on the lip and chin area
22
Q
Hirsutism
A
- disorder only found in females due to excess secretion of male hormones called Androgens
- these women develop a male hair growth pattern (beard and moustache)
- causes: diseases/disorders of the endocrine system, stimulation of male Androgens at puberty, medication that affects the endocrine system
23
Q
Hypertrichosis
A
- disorder causing an overabundance of hair in both males and females
- it is excess hair growth on any part of the body or covering the entire body (Gorillas) that is abnormal for the persons age, sex, race
- causes: genetics, natural life occurrences, reaction to certain medical procedures, reaction to certain medication
24
Q
3 stages of hair growth
A
- anagen
- catagen
- telogen
25
Anagen
- active stage of growth
- hair bulb is developing and is attached to the dermal papilla which supplies nourishment for the growth of new cells from the matrix
- can last up to several years in scalp hair
26
Catagen
- changing stage where the hair starts to seperate from the papilla and moves up the follicle towards the surface of the skin
- only lasts a few days and the hair falls out or is pushed out by a new hair that has started to grow at the base of the follicle
27
Telogen
- resting stage where the hair is completely detached from the blood supply and ready to fall out
28
Factors affecting hair growth and quantity of hair:
- time of day
- weather
- pregnancy
- age
- colour of hair
- hereditary
- health and diet
- part of the body
- stress
- medical conditions
29
Reasons for hair removal
- hair is socially unattractive and unwanted
- prevents unwanted perspiration and odors
- prevents infections
- body builders, swimmers, athletes who need a smooth body appearance
- general cleanliness and hygiene
30
Advantages of waxing
- large areas of hair can be removed at one time
- relatively low cost- once per month
- high client satisfaction
- re growth is softer, finer and lighter
- gives a smooth finish (when waxed in anagen stage)
- hair takes about 3-4 weeks to re-appear when removed in anagen stage (4-6 weeks to reach the necessary length to be waxed again)
- waxing brings hairs into the same hair growth stage over a period of time
31
Disadvantages of waxing
- hair has to be treated at regular intervals by a professional therapist to maintain a groomed appearance
- waxing may cause in-growing hairs as they become softer. they are unable to pierce through the skin
- hair needs to be at least 5mm long
32
What can lead to in-growing hairs
- dry skin
- shaving
- hairs that break off during waxing
- lack of exfoliation and moisturizing
33
4 types of wax
- hot wax (hard wax)
- strip wax (warm, cool, soft wax)
- cold wax
- sugar wax
34
Hot wax (hard wax)
- hard at room temp and therefore takes longer to melt to the correct consistency and temp for use
- more lengthy
- ideal to use for stronger, shorter and coarse hairs (smaller areas)
- working temp:68 degrees
- ingredients: beeswax, rosin, palm wax, plant extracts
35
Strip wax (warm, cool or soft wax)
- soft at room temp and is heated to a relatively low temp for use
- little chance of burning
- working temp: 43 degrees
- quick to use at it doesn't require time to harden/cool
- best suited for slightly longer, finer hairs (large areas)
- ingredients: rosin, beeswax, glycerine)
36
Cold wax
- used as it is directly from the container
- does not require heating
- spread using a spatula and removed with cellophane or a muslin cloth
- designed for home use by the public
- suitable for finer, longer hairs
- ingredients: rubber solutions and volatile solvent
37
Sugar wax
- oldest form of hair removal
- it is a pliable paste made from pure natural ingredients
- wax can be removed using strips or by hand
- ingredients: sugar, lemon juice and water (some can have resins)
- if spillage occurs the wax can easily be dissolved by adding water
38
Difference between hot and strip wax
table is in notes
39
Straining
- in the past hot wax was seen as unhygienic as the removed patches of wax were often recycled and put back into the wax pot to re-melt
- no longer carried out considering the contagious diseases that may be spread (HIV, Hepatitis)
40
Preparation & heating of the wax
- wax heater should be thermostatically controlled
- do not overheat the wax
- never move the wax heater and pot while it is hot to prevent spillage
- wax pot should be covered with a lid in order to prevent airborne particles and dust from contaminating the wax
- use oil to remove any stickiness or wax
41
Preparation of the treatment room
- ensure the bed is protected with a plastic wax sheet
- bin must contain a bin liner
- the room should be well lit and the use of a magnifying lamp is advisable
- have all necessary cleaning agents at hand in case of spillage
- ensure there is toweling protection paper for protection of linen and client clothing
42
Therapist
- wear latex gloves due to the great risk of HIV and Hepatitis
- wear an apron to protect her uniform against spillage
43
Should the follicles bleed?
- use a piece of cotton wool with Hibitane or an Antiseptic and apply slight pressure to the area which will minimise the bleeding
44
Consultation should include the following:
- personal details
- medical history
- contra indications
- pre care questions
45
Contra indication
- any disease or disorder that prevents the therapist from performing the treatment or may require the therapist to adapt the treatment
46
Contra indications requiring medical approval
- thrombosis
- medical odema
- recent operations
- diabetes
- severe varicose veins
- phlebitis
47
Contra indications that restrict waxing
- infections or contagious diseases
- allergies
- skin diseases and disorders
- sunburn
- warts and moles
- hyperhydrosis
- use of Retin A
- scar tissue
- cuts and abrasions
48
Pre-care questions
- have you ever been waxed before?
- which area would you like treated
- have you had any caffeine beverages
- are you pre-menstrual
49
Prep of the area that is to be waxed
- use a body brush to lift hairs and gently exfoliate area
- use a pre-wax lotion on cotton wool against the hair growth to ensure the area is clean and free of oils/dirt
- apply talcum powder with a piece of cotton wool against the hair growth to ensure the area is dry
50
Application and removal of strip wax
- know for prac
51
Application and removal of hot wax
- know for prac
52
Verbal homecare advice to be given to the client
- no tight clothing
- avoid touching or scratching the area
- avoid exercise for 24 hrs
- avoid sun tanning for 24 hrs
- avoid the use of perfume, deodorant for 24 hrs
53
Contra actions
- in-growing hairs (due to over rxn of damage, over tight clothing and dry skin)
- removal of skin (cool the area with a cold compress and apply an antiseptic cream)
- erythema and pain (due to increased blood flow to the area caused by a Histamine reaction)
