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AS Geography > Haiti Case Study > Flashcards

Haiti Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Haiti located?

A

In the Caribbean, bordered by the Dominican Republic

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2
Q

What is Haiti classified as?

A

A multi-hazardous environment

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3
Q

Why is the Dominican Republic more developed than Haiti?

A

Success of the tourism industry

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4
Q

What is the capital city of Haiti?

A

Port-au-Prince

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5
Q

What percentage of Haiti’s population live in the capital city?

A

10%

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6
Q

What was the estimated population of Haiti in 2023?

A

11.4 million

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7
Q

How much did Haiti have to pay in reparations to France following independence?

A

Between US$20-30 million

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8
Q

How much money is France estimated to owe Haiti?

A

$28 billion

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8
Q

When did Haiti gain independence from France?

A

1804

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9
Q

What is the GDP per capita of Haiti?

A

US$1200

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10
Q

What is Haiti’s HDI?

A

0.535

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11
Q

What percentage of the population is at risk of mortality from two or more hazards?

A

96%

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12
Q

What is Haiti’s life expectancy?

A

63 years

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13
Q

What are the main risks facing Haiti?

A
  • Political instability
  • Extensive deforestation
  • 66% of the population depends on agriculture
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14
Q

What type of plate boundary does Haiti lie on?

A

Conservative plate boundary

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15
Q

Between which tectonic plates does Haiti sit?

A

Caribbean and North American plates

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16
Q

What are the human determiners of a hazard hotspot?

A
  • Poor education
  • Low levels of affluence
  • Lack of modern infrastructure
  • Lack of warning systems
  • High population density
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17
Q

What are the physical determiners of a hazard hotspot?

A
  • Widespread deforestation
  • Location and plate tectonics
  • Path of tropical storms
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18
Q

What was the nature of the 2010 earthquake?

A

A strike-slip earthquake on one of the multiple faults on which the country lies

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19
Q

What was the magnitude of the 2010 earthquake?

A

7.0 on the Richter scale

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20
Q

Where was the epicentre of the 2010 earthquake?

A

25km west of Port-au-Prince

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21
Q

How many deaths were caused by the 2010 earthquake?

A

220,000

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22
Q

How many people were injured by the 2010 earthquake?

A

300,000

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23
Q

How many of the country’s civil servants were killed during the 2010 earthquake?

A

25%

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24
Q

How many homes were fully destroyed during the 2010 earthquake?

A

100,000

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25
Q

How many people were made homeless during the 2010 earthquake?

A

1.5 million

26
Q

Which issues were caused by homelessness in 2010?

A
  • Lack of sanitation and clean water
  • Cholera outbreak in October leading to a further 9,000 deaths
27
Q

When did the 2010 earthquake occur?

A

January

28
Q

How many people were killed by a localised tsunami in 2010?

A

3

29
Q

Why was the government response in 2010 slow?

A
  • Civil service was immobilised
  • Political instability led to a unorganised government response
30
Q

What did international NGO MSF provide in 2010?

A
  • 30,000 tents for homeless people
  • Emergency surgeries which saved 20,000 lives daily
31
Q

How much money was raised by the Disasters Emergency Committee following the 2010 earthquake?

A

£100 million

32
Q

What did the money raised by the DEC pay for in 2010?

A
  • Literacy classes for 60,000 women
  • Hazard risk education for 100,000 people
33
Q

What is the nature of vulcanicity in Haiti?

A

Haiti has two extinct volcanoes which have not erupted since the Pleistocene epoch

34
Q

Between which months is Haiti at high risk of tropical storms?

A

June to November

35
Q

What are the two most damaging tropical storms in Haiti’s history?

A
  • Hurricane Flora (1963) - 8000 deaths
  • Hurricane Jeanne (2004) - 4000 deaths
36
Q

How many tropical storms did Haiti experience in 2008?

A

4

37
Q

How many deaths were caused by tropical storms in 2008?

A

800

38
Q

How many homes were destroyed by tropical storms in 2008?

A

20,000

39
Q

What is the main cause of flooding in Haiti?

A

Storm surge from tropical storms

40
Q

What was left on the land following flooding in 2008?

A

Millions of cubic metres of mud

41
Q

What percentage of Haiti’s crops were destroyed in 2008?

A

70%

42
Q

What was the economic damage caused by crop destruction in 2008?

A

$1 billion

43
Q

How many people were killed and injured due to flooding in 2023?

A
  • 51 deaths
  • 140 injured
44
Q

Why is Haiti at high risk of landslides?

A

Large-scale deforestation for charcoal production has left behind denuded mountains

45
Q

What percentage of Haiti’s domestic energy consumption is reliant on charcoal?

A

85%

46
Q

How many of the country’s largest mountains had primary forest remaining in 2016?

A

8 out of 50

47
Q

What was the percentage rainforest cover in 1950?

A

50% of the country

48
Q

What was the percentage rainforest cover in 1980?

A

2% of the country

49
Q

What triggered the 2021 landslide in Haiti?

A

A 7.2 magnitude earthquake

50
Q

When did Haiti suffer significant droughts?

A

2022 and 2023

51
Q

What were the impacts of the droughts in 2022 and 2023?

A
  • Aquifer depletion
  • Decreased agricultural productivity
  • Food insecurity
52
Q

How many regions in Haiti are at ‘High’ risk of a wildfire due to climate conditions?

A

All but one

53
Q

Why is wildfire risk in Haiti relatively low?

A

Widespread deforestation

54
Q

What is the most recent example of a wildfire in Haiti?

A

Grand Bois National Park (2023) - Only burned 1 hectare of land

55
Q

How much did the EU provide for long-term recovery?

A

$330 million

56
Q

What did the World Bank do?

A

Waived debt repayments for 5 years

57
Q

What did the Senegalese government do?

A

Offered land to any Haitian who moved there

58
Q

How many people were provided with temporary shelter in relief camps?

A

1.6 million people

59
Q

How any charities raised money for relief efforts?

A

A group of 23

60
Q

How much money was raised by the group of charities?

A

$1.1 billion

61
Q

How much of these funds had been released by 2024?

A

Only 2%

62
Q

What project did the World Bank approve in 2023?

A

A project to increase rural access to sustainable water supplies

63
Q

How much will the 2023 World Bank project invest in Haiti?

A

$80 million

AS Geography (29 decks)

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