Haiti Case Study

Question 1

Where is Haiti located?

Answer 1

In the Caribbean, bordered by the Dominican Republic

Question 2

What is Haiti classified as?

Answer 2

A multi-hazardous environment

Question 3

Why is the Dominican Republic more developed than Haiti?

Answer 3

Success of the tourism industry

Question 4

What is the capital city of Haiti?

Answer 4

Port-au-Prince

Question 5

What percentage of Haiti’s population live in the capital city?

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

What was the estimated population of Haiti in 2023?

Answer 6

11.4 million

Question 7

How much did Haiti have to pay in reparations to France following independence?

Answer 7

Between US$20-30 million

Question 8

How much money is France estimated to owe Haiti?

Answer 8

$28 billion

Question 8

When did Haiti gain independence from France?

Answer 8

1804

Question 9

What is the GDP per capita of Haiti?

Answer 9

US$1200

Question 10

What is Haiti’s HDI?

Answer 10

0.535

Question 11

What percentage of the population is at risk of mortality from two or more hazards?

Answer 11

96%

Question 12

What is Haiti’s life expectancy?

Answer 12

63 years

Question 13

What are the main risks facing Haiti?

Answer 13

• Political instability
• Extensive deforestation
• 66% of the population depends on agriculture

Question 14

What type of plate boundary does Haiti lie on?

Answer 14

Conservative plate boundary

Question 15

Between which tectonic plates does Haiti sit?

Answer 15

Caribbean and North American plates

Question 16

What are the human determiners of a hazard hotspot?

Answer 16

• Poor education
• Low levels of affluence
• Lack of modern infrastructure
• Lack of warning systems
• High population density

Question 17

What are the physical determiners of a hazard hotspot?

Answer 17

• Widespread deforestation
• Location and plate tectonics
• Path of tropical storms

Question 18

What was the nature of the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 18

A strike-slip earthquake on one of the multiple faults on which the country lies

Question 19

What was the magnitude of the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 19

7.0 on the Richter scale

Question 20

Where was the epicentre of the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 20

25km west of Port-au-Prince

Question 21

How many deaths were caused by the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 21

220,000

Question 22

How many people were injured by the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 22

300,000

Question 23

How many of the country’s civil servants were killed during the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 23

25%

Question 24

How many homes were fully destroyed during the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 24

100,000

Question 25

How many people were made homeless during the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 25

1.5 million

Question 26

Which issues were caused by homelessness in 2010?

Answer 26

- Lack of sanitation and clean water - Cholera outbreak in October leading to a further 9,000 deaths

Question 27

When did the 2010 earthquake occur?

Answer 27

January

Question 28

How many people were killed by a localised tsunami in 2010?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

Why was the government response in 2010 slow?

Answer 29

- Civil service was immobilised - Political instability led to a unorganised government response

Question 30

What did international NGO MSF provide in 2010?

Answer 30

- 30,000 tents for homeless people - Emergency surgeries which saved 20,000 lives daily

Question 31

How much money was raised by the Disasters Emergency Committee following the 2010 earthquake?

Answer 31

£100 million

Question 32

What did the money raised by the DEC pay for in 2010?

Answer 32

- Literacy classes for 60,000 women - Hazard risk education for 100,000 people

Question 33

What is the nature of vulcanicity in Haiti?

Answer 33

Haiti has two extinct volcanoes which have not erupted since the Pleistocene epoch

Question 34

Between which months is Haiti at high risk of tropical storms?

Answer 34

June to November

Question 35

What are the two most damaging tropical storms in Haiti's history?

Answer 35

- Hurricane Flora (1963) - 8000 deaths - Hurricane Jeanne (2004) - 4000 deaths

Question 36

How many tropical storms did Haiti experience in 2008?

Answer 36

4

Question 37

How many deaths were caused by tropical storms in 2008?

Answer 37

800

Question 38

How many homes were destroyed by tropical storms in 2008?

Answer 38

20,000

Question 39

What is the main cause of flooding in Haiti?

Answer 39

Storm surge from tropical storms

Question 40

What was left on the land following flooding in 2008?

Answer 40

Millions of cubic metres of mud

Question 41

What percentage of Haiti's crops were destroyed in 2008?

Answer 41

70%

Question 42

What was the economic damage caused by crop destruction in 2008?

Answer 42

$1 billion

Question 43

How many people were killed and injured due to flooding in 2023?

Answer 43

- 51 deaths - 140 injured

Question 44

Why is Haiti at high risk of landslides?

Answer 44

Large-scale deforestation for charcoal production has left behind denuded mountains

Question 45

What percentage of Haiti's domestic energy consumption is reliant on charcoal?

Answer 45

85%

Question 46

How many of the country's largest mountains had primary forest remaining in 2016?

Answer 46

8 out of 50

Question 47

What was the percentage rainforest cover in 1950?

Answer 47

50% of the country

Question 48

What was the percentage rainforest cover in 1980?

Answer 48

2% of the country

Question 49

What triggered the 2021 landslide in Haiti?

Answer 49

A 7.2 magnitude earthquake

Question 50

When did Haiti suffer significant droughts?

Answer 50

2022 and 2023

Question 51

What were the impacts of the droughts in 2022 and 2023?

Answer 51

- Aquifer depletion - Decreased agricultural productivity - Food insecurity

Question 52

How many regions in Haiti are at 'High' risk of a wildfire due to climate conditions?

Answer 52

All but one

Question 53

Why is wildfire risk in Haiti relatively low?

Answer 53

Widespread deforestation

Question 54

What is the most recent example of a wildfire in Haiti?

Answer 54

Grand Bois National Park (2023) - Only burned 1 hectare of land

Question 55

How much did the EU provide for long-term recovery?

Answer 55

$330 million

Question 56

What did the World Bank do?

Answer 56

Waived debt repayments for 5 years

Question 57

What did the Senegalese government do?

Answer 57

Offered land to any Haitian who moved there

Question 58

How many people were provided with temporary shelter in relief camps?

Answer 58

1.6 million people

Question 59

How any charities raised money for relief efforts?

Answer 59

A group of 23

Question 60

How much money was raised by the group of charities?

Answer 60

$1.1 billion

Question 61

How much of these funds had been released by 2024?

Answer 61

Only 2%

Question 62

What project did the World Bank approve in 2023?

Answer 62

A project to increase rural access to sustainable water supplies

Question 63

How much will the 2023 World Bank project invest in Haiti?

Answer 63

$80 million