Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ETHICS > haizt > Flashcards

haizt Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When was Lawrence Kohlberg born?

A

Year 1927

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg died at ??

A

January 19, 1987 (60 years old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He grew up in Bronxville, New York

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 level in Kohlberg’s Level of Moral Development

A

A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional Autonomous or Principled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the stages under Preconventional level?

A

Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience-Orientation
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange/Instrumental Relativist Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the stages under Conventional level?

A

Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance Orientation
Stage 4: Authority and Social - Order Maintaining Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the stages under Postconventional Autonomous or Principled level?

A

Stage 5: Social-Contract Legalistic Orientation
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Children see rules as fixed and absolute.
Child views adult’s rules as unquestionable

A

Stage 1: Punishment-Obedient Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs

A

Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange/Instrumental Relativist Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Often referred to as the “good boy-good girl” orientation

A

Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Individuals are making decisions based on the implications for society

A

Stage 4: Authority and Social-Order Maintaining Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

People begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people.

A

Stage 5: Social-Contract Legalistic Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

People follow these internalized principle of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules

A

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

He is a Dominican Priest and Scriptural Theologian

A

Saint Thomas Aquinas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Saint Thomas Aquinas was born in the castle of?

A

Castle of Roccasecca in the old country of the Kingdom of Sicily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Saint Thomas Aquinas is the youngest among ??? children

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is one of Saint Thomas Aquinas well known influential works

A

Summa Theologica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This presents the reasoning for almost al points of Christian Theology

A

Summa Theologica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When did Saint Thomas Aquinas died?

A

Died in 1274 at the age of 49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 laws of Aquinas?

A

1) Eternal Law
2) Human Law
3) Divine Law
4) Natural Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

it refers to the rational plan of God by which all creation is ordered

A

Eternal Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

To this law, Everything in the universe is a subject

A

Eternal Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This law supposed to spell out what the natural law prescribes

A

Human Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This includes civil and criminal laws, though only those formulated in the light of practical reason and moral laws

A

Human Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
It is a law of revelation, disclosed through sacred text or Scriptures and the Church which is also directed toward man's eternal end
Divine Law
26
This law is more focused on how man can be inwardly holy and eventually attain salvation
Divine Law
27
It is the aspect of Eternal Law which is accessible to human reason
Natural Law
28
Knowable by natural reason
Natural Law
29
It is the natural inclinations to specific goods
Syndresis
30
This law is connected to Moral Law
Natural Law
31
It is the greek word of Deontology that means ______
Deon , being necessary
32
It is the moral theory that evaluates actions that are done because of duty.
Deontology
33
He was born in April 22, 1724 and died at February 12, 1804.
Immanuel Kant
34
He is a German philosopher whose comprehensive and systematic work in epistemology (the theory of knowledge), ethics, and aesthetics greatly influenced all subsequent philosophy, especially the various schools of Kantianism and idealism.
Immanuel Kant
35
He inaugurated a new era in the development of philosophical thought.
Immanuel Kant
36
What are the famous works of Immanuel Kant?
1) Critique of Judgement 2) Critique of Practical Reason 3) Critique of Pure Reason
37
What are the criteria for Ethical Judgements
1) Reason 2) Good Will 3) Duty
38
Immanuel Kant rejects ethical judgments that are based on?
Feelings
39
It is the basis for moral judgements
Reason
40
An ____ must accord with reason
Act
41
Reason produces a ______ which is good that is good in itself.
will
42
For Immanuel Kant, a person of good will is a person who acts from?
Duty
43
True or False Duty is not like inclination.
True
44
It is the feeling that pushes one to select a particular option or decision. it is one's liking.
Inclination
45
True or False One acts morally when one do not restrains one's feelings and inclinations and do that which one is obliged to do.
False (One acts morally when one restrains one's feelings and inclinations and do that which one is obliged to do.)
46
Command of reason
Imperative
47
Exceptionless
Categorical
48
It demands action without qualification, without any ifs, and without regard to the consequence such an act may produce.
Categorical Imperative
49
True or False For Kant, the categorical imperative rule that, if followed, will guarantee that the person behaving in accordance with it is acting morally.
True
50
Categorical Imperative can be formulated and understood through:
* Universalizability * Autonomy * Man as an end-in-himself
51
“Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.”
Universalizability
52
“The will is thus not only subject to the law, but it is also subject to the law in such a way that it gives the law to itself (self- legislating), and primarily just in this way that the will can be considered the author of the law under which it is subject.”
Autonomy
53
“So act as to use humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other, always at the same time as an end, never simply as a means.”
Man as an end-in-himself
54
It is a command of reason that is exceptionless
Categorical Imperative
55
Kohlberg's based his theory of moral development through this person's book.
Jean Piaget (Book: Theory of Moral Judgement for Children - 1932)
56
What are the Aquinas 5 natural inclinations
1) The Good 2) To self preservation 3) To sexual union; to reproduce and educate offspring 4) To know the truth about God 5) To live peacefully in the society
57
What is the first principle of double effect?
1) The action intended must be good in itself; otherwise, the act is evil at the very outset
58
What is the second principle of double effect?
2) The good effect must follow the action at the least as immediately as the evil effect, or the good and evil effects must occur simultaneously
59
What is the third principle of double effect?
3) The foreseen evil effect should not be intended or approved, but merely permitted to occur
60
What is the fourth principle of double effect?
4) There must be a proportionate and sufficient reason for allowing the evil effect to occur while performing the action
61
Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history.
Aristotle
62
He was the founder of formal logic, devising for it a finished system that for centuries was regarded as the sum of the discipline; and he pioneered the study of zoology, both observational and theoretical, in which some of his work remained unsurpassed until the 19th century.
Aristotle
63
One of the two works of Aristotle which concerns morality. This book has been regarded as the Ethics of Aristotle since the beginning of Christian era.
Nicomachean Ethics
64
It is an ethicaltheory that emphasizes an individual characterratherthan following a set of rules
Virtue Theory
65
is a moral characteristic that an individual needs to live well.
Virtue
66
it is a moral philosophy that teaches that an action is right if it is an action that a virtuous person would perform in the same situation
Virtue Ethics
67
What are the 3 general descriptions can be used to depict Aristotle's Ethics?
1) Telos 2) Arete 3) Eudaimonia
68
It is the end of purpose
Telos
69
Aristotle begins his discussion of ethics by explicating that every act that a person does is directed toward a particular purpose, aim.
Telos
70
The highest purpose is the ultimate ________ of a human being.
good
71
The highest good of the person must be the following:
1) final 2) self-sufficient
72
It is a set of strong character that once developed will lead to a predictable good behavior
Virtue
73
Arete means
Virtue
74
It is a sense of human flourishing
Arete
75
Achieving the highest purpose of a human person concerns the ability to function according to reason and to perform an activity well or excellently.
Arete
76
It is attained by means of habit
Arete
77
It is also known as the golden mean which means the spot between two extremes
Mesotes
78
Excess and defect normally indicate a vice
Mesotes
79
True or False Moral virtue is the golden mean between two less undesirable extremes
False! Mortal virtue is the golden mean between two less desirable extremes
80
What are the four basic moral virtues?
1) Courage 2) Temperance 3) Justice 4) Prudence
81
It is between cowardice and tactless rashness
Courage
82
It is between gluttony and extreme frugality
Temperance
83
It is giving others right what they deserve, neither more nor less
Justice
84
It is knowing what is just or reasonable in various circumstances
Prudence
85
True or False Courage means putting yourself in harm's way for a good cause
False! Courage is finding the right way to act
86
It is knowing what needs to be put out there and what you should keep quiet about
Honesty
87
It is philosophical or intellectual wisdom
Sophia
88
It is practical wisdom
Phronesis
89
A life full of Eudaimonia is a life of:
1) Striving 2) Pushing yourself to the limits 3) Finding success 4) Happiness
90
It holds the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number
Utilitarianism
91
When and where was Jeremy Bentham born?
in Houndsditch, London year 1748
92
Jeremy Bentham rejected the notions of ___________ and ________ which is common during his days
moral sense and right reason
93
He found pleasure to be the only objective good and pain the only evil
Jeremy Bentham
94
Man is under two great masters... ________ and _______
pain and pleasure
95
The Hedonistic/Felicific Calculus
1) Intensity - How strong it is 2) Duration - How long it is 3) Certainty - How likely it could be 4) Propinquity - When it could arrrived 5) Fecundity - If it will cause further pleasure 6) Purity - How free from pain it is 7) Extent - How many people are affected
96
The best action is that which produces the greatest happiness and/or reduces pain
Principle of Utility
97
We ought to do that which produces the greatest happiness and least pain for the greatest number of people
Greatest Happiness
98
He was born on May 20, 1806 in Pentonville, London, UK
John Stuart Mill
99
At the age of 11, John Stuart Mill wrote...
History of Roman Law
100
He believed that happiness cannot be calculated on the amount of pleasure and the amount of pain in a certain action.
John Stuart Mill
101
According to Mill, ____________ must always be taken into consideration before making a moral decision
Happiness
102
2 types of pleasure
1) Lower Pleasure - Bodily or sensual pleasures 2) Higher Pleasure - Intellectual pleasures

ETHICS (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions