hallmark/key/classic symptoms

Question 1

Key symptoms of tamponade

Answer 1

dyspnea and chest pain

Question 2

mid-diastolic rumble; opening snap

Answer 2

Mitral Stenosis

Question 3

apical (holo) systolic

Answer 3

Mitral Regurgitation

Question 4

mid systolic click

Answer 4

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 5

paradoxical splitting; harsh systolic ejection; Pulsus parvus et tardus, brachioradial delay

Answer 5

Aortic stenosis

Question 6

high-pitch blowing diastolic; classic “water hammer pulse” (Corrigan pulse); accentuated precordial apical thrust, pulsus bisferiens, Duroziez sign (a “to-and-fro” femoral murmur), de Musset sign (pulsatile head bobbing), and Quincke sign (capillary pulsations visible at the proximal nail bed while pressure is applied at the tip).

Answer 6

Aortic regurgitation

Question 7

soft blowing holosytolic

Answer 7

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 8

rumbling crescendo-decrescendo diastolic

Answer 8

Tricuspid stenosis

Question 9

harsh systolic; loud ejection click

Answer 9

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 10

high-pitched and blowing diastolic murmur (Graham Steel murmur)

Answer 10

Pulmonary regurgitation

Question 11

hallmarks of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 11

Right ventricular dilatation accompanied by normal LV wall thickness

Question 12

“square root sign” or “dip-and-plateau” filling pattern

Answer 12

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 13

paradoxical arterial pulse; rapid “y” descent of the cervical venous pulse; pericardial “knock,” kussmaul sign; characteristic dip and plateau (the “square root sign”) of the right ventricular pressure trace is characteristic of the disease.

Answer 13

cardiac tamponade

Question 14

Kussmaul sign (inspiratory neck vein distention)

Answer 14

constrictive pericarditis

Question 15

6 Ps in compartment syndrome

Answer 15

pain (earliest), pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, paresthesia, poikilothermia

Question 16

hallmark of acute bronchitis

Answer 16

A productive cough

Question 17

Main symptom of noninfectious pulmonary infiltrates

Answer 17

dyspnea

Question 18

unique finding in paradoxical reactions or immune reconstitution syndrome in PTB patients.

Answer 18

Hypercalcemia

Question 19

Classic symptoms of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer 19

sudden onset of dyspnea and ipsilateral, pleuritic chest pain.

Question 20

cock robin deformity

Answer 20

Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation

Question 21

Distinguishing feature of prolapsed hemorrhoids

Answer 21

radially directed folds

Question 22

Tumor lysis syndrome blood chemical abnormalities

Answer 22

hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia

Question 23

child unable to fully extend his or her neck to look up found in retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 23

Bolte’s sign

Question 24

Unique finding of retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 24

bulging of the posterior oropharynx

Question 25

Presents with fever, chills, trismus, and voice change (“hot potato voice”) “worse sore throat”

Answer 25

peritonsillar abscess

Question 26

characterized by a classic “barking” cough, stridor, hoarseness, and difficulty

Answer 26

Laryngeal diphtheria

Question 27

“blue dot sign”

Answer 27

Torsion of testicular appendage

Question 28

“bag of worms”

Answer 28

varicocele

Question 29

Two diagnostic hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 29

proteinuria and hypoproteinemia

Question 30

Dennie-Morgan folds

Answer 30

Non-allergic rhinitis

Question 31

ellis classification

Answer 31

Ellis 1 (enamel) 2 (dentin) 3 (pulp) 4 (root)

Question 32

Seal-like bark and steeple sign

Answer 32

viral croup

Question 33

thumbprint sign

Answer 33

epiglottitis

Question 34

boot-shaped heart

Answer 34

TOF

Question 35

egg-shaped heart

Answer 35

TGA

Question 36

snowman sign

Answer 36

TAPVR

Question 37

subchondral stress fracture line in the femoral head is evident (Caffey’s sign)

Answer 37

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

Question 38

white strawberry tongue” then “red strawberry tongue” and Pastia lines

Answer 38

scarlet fever