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Pathophysiology- HEENT > Hallmark Signs > Flashcards

Hallmark Signs Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Raspberry tongue

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2
Q

Measles

A

Koplik spots, whiteish raised spots in buccosal membrane.

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3
Q

Mono

A

Swollen parotid gland

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4
Q

Diphtheria

A

White/gray plaques on the oropharynx

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5
Q

Oral lesions that HIV can present with

A

Hairy leukoplakia and thrush

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6
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

“Saddle nose”- granulomas in blood vessels in upper airway of nose

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7
Q

Olfactory Neuroblastoma or Esthesioneuroblastoma

A

Enolase+/cytokeratin- is the marker

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8
Q

CROUP or laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inspiratory stridor

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9
Q

Association with HPV

A

Laryngeal carcinoma

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10
Q

Association with HPV 6 and 11

A

Sinonasal carcinoma (3 types), squamous papilloma of larynx

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11
Q

Association with EBV

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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12
Q

Laryngeal carcinoma

A

Hoarseness

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13
Q

Hodgekin’s Lymphoma

A

Sternberg’s cells

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14
Q

Acute serous otitis media

A

Cholesterol granuloma

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15
Q

Orbital floor fracture

A

Restricted upgaze if muscle entrapment

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16
Q

Association with HPV 16 and 18

A

Squamous papilloma of conjunctiva and CIN

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17
Q

Chronic HSV Keratitis

A

Granulomatous reaction in Decemet’s membrane (“pebbles of sand” in eye)

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18
Q

Epithelial keratitis

A

Finger like ulcerations, “Dendritic” tree branches in epithelial layer of cornea

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19
Q

Stromal keratitis

A

Dilation of blood vessels and clouding in stromal layer of cornea

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20
Q

Anterior uveitis

A

WBC’s floating in aqueous humor (white speckles in snow globe)

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21
Q

Chronic hypertension

22
Q

Retinoblastoma

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A

Flexner-Wintersteiner Rosettes and fleurettes

23
Q

Reactivation TB

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A

Cystic cavities in upper lobe

24
Q

Asthma

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A

Charcot-leyden crystals

25
Measles, TB, sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis (granulomatous diseases)
Multinucleated giant cells
26
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Triangular subpleural lesions
27
Pulmonary edema
Hemosiderin laden macrophages
28
Pulmonary edema and congestion
Heavy, wet lungs (congested alveoli, intra-alveolar transudate)
29
Microvascular injury
Hyaline membrane formation
30
Chronic passive congestion (Long-standing pulmonary congestion)
Brown induration
31
Diabetes, retinal vein occlusion, angiomas, Von Hippel-Lindau dz, vascular dysplasias, and radiation induced retinal vasculopathy
Yellow flecks
32
HTN, diabetes, HIV, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia
Cotton wool spots
33
Hypertensive Retinopathy (or chronic HTN)
AV nicking
34
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Associated with the histologic appearance of UIP (Usual Interstitial pneumonia) on lung biopsy, also subpleural cysts and honeycombing (CARDINAL CT FINDING), traction bronchiectasis. Lung BASES.
35
Pneumoconioses (silicosis)
Large nodular densities indicating progressive massive fibrosis
36
Asbestos vs. silicosis
Pulmonary fibrosis will show asbestos bodies and ABSENCE of large nodules, pleural plaque, linear fibrosis. Silicosis will show large nodules; prominent in apices of lungs.
37
Adenocarcinoma of lung
Peripheral in lungs; associated with asbestos exposure
38
Interstitial lung disease suggestive of asbestos
Ferruginous bodies
39
Sarcoidosis
Enlarged hilar nodes (Hilar adenopathy), sometimes bilateral lung nodules in lower lobes, non caseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells
40
Abnormal squamous cell (Tadpole cell)
Nucleus is irregularly shaped, and cytoplasm is opaque and stain bright orange red
41
Squamous cell carcinoma
Epithelial pearls, tadpole cells
42
TB
Cavitary lesions
43
High-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
Preneoplastic lesions in respiratory epithelium, usually evidence of smoking-relating damage
44
Adenocarcinoma of lung (acinar, papillary, bronchioalveolar, solid, mixed subtypes)
Lepidic and papillary growth patterns, or bronchioalveolar growth pattern
45
Adenocarcinoma of other organ systems
Glandular growth pattern
46
Bronchioalveolar carcinoma
Lepidic growth exclusively
47
Small cell carcinoma
widespread patchy infiltration of the marrow, diffuse leptomeningeal spread, Markers for neuroendocrine differentiation (including metastatic), nuclear molding common
48
Adenocarcinoma
Evidence of mucin formation
49
Mesotheliomas
Long, branching microvilli
50
Neuroendocrine cells
membrane-bound cytoplasmic granules with dense cores
51
Lung, lymphangitic spread
Raised firm lines and small nodules on surfaces of the lung

Pathophysiology- HEENT (2 decks)

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