Hallucinogens: PCP and Ketamine 15th Flashcards by Kate Healy

in what sense are dissociative a Hal

it decouples perceptual from sensory; can’t make sense of sensory signals

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how are dissociative stimulants

induce euphoria and numbing= can turn into panic= stimulant

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what causes the amnesia in dissociative

if brain can’t make sense of sensory signals it won’t encode it

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T: muscle flaccidity

catalepsy

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what schedule is ketamine

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ketamine is being used in … research

schizophrenia due to glutamate connection

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T: a synthetic analog of a legally restricted or prohibited drug, devised to circumvent drug laws. (dissociates fall under this)

designer drugs

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what is the full name for dissociative

dissociative anesthetic hallucinogen

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what 3 drug classes do dissociates fall under

depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens

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2 things that make them depressant

sedative, pain

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dissociative separate … from …

perception from sensation

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3 general effects of dissociative

amnesia, analgesic, catalepsy

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what were dissociates destined for

surgery (didn’t know side effects)

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what schedule are these drugs in US?

2 for vet use

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PCP and ketamine are the same kind of dissociative Hal but have Dif effect

f opposite

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what was the similar effect of PCP and ketamine

anesthesia

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street name for ketamine

special K, vitamin K (very dangerous have other meanings) bump, green, super acid

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how is ketamine in took 4

insufflation, inhalation, injection (medical), oral (assault)

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how long does onset take for ingestion vs insufflation, inhalation, injection

ingestion: 2 hour

others 10-60 min

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full name for PCP

phencyclidine

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why is PCP less common

pricer

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street names for PCP

Angel Dust, ozone, rocket fuel

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what is the ironic thing about the street names of PCP

refer to methods of preparation

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2 intake methods for PCP how long for onset for each 2

insufflation (1min) or inhalation (5 min)

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how long does PCP last

30 min onset to 18 hours

T: a yellowish “oil” solution that cigarettes or joints are dipped in PCP

embalming fluid

T: PCP mixed with Marijuana

killer joints (sherms)= rocket fuel best

T: PCP crystals ground and sprinkled on oregano, parsley, alfalfa and smoked

angel dust (the oregano doesn't do anything)

why does dosage influence the MOA on the dissociatives

binding affinity of chemical at Dif doses

what NT disrupted in low doses

seretonin and dopamine

any permissive hypothesis with dissociative

no because it has to do with binding affinity

what do dissociatives do to dopamine of seretonin

repuptake inhibitor

what does it do as a reuptake inhibitor

disengages the mechanism (messing with metatropic function not just blocking= LT effects)

low doses act as a partial agonist for ...2

5-HT2A, D2 receptors (reward potential and Hal components)

high doses influence what NT

Ach

what do high doses do to ach

antagonist

what are the act receptors called 2

muscurininc and nicotinic

... NT is responsible for memory

ACH

what does antag of nicotinic receptors do

muscle contractions

what does antag of muscarinic receptors do 3

memory deficits, analgesia and arousal

what is an NT effected at both low and high doses

NMDA (glutamate) receptor

what does it do at NMDA

antagonize

T: lasting strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated firing

LT potentiation

what happens to LT potentiation on dissociative

disrupts it with stopper signal due to lack of NMDA = fire apart wire apart= decouple

what is the behaviour effect of LT potentiation disruption

results in disordered learning from not being able to remember

the Moa depends on dose but do the effects?

yes Dose dependant effects

how much is a low dose

under 5 mg

effects of low dose of PCP and ketamine ? 2

drunk-like state, numbness in extremities

at what dose does it work like an anesthetic

low

what is a moderate dose

5-10 mg

effects at moderate dose

disconnectedness from environment, dissociativeness from body/body distortion (feels like being low in iron)

high dose effects?

sympathomimetic, hallucinations (distortions)

is it true sympathy mimetic?

no its panic in response to reaction to what's happening to your body

for people who use high doses what are the lingering effects

up to 2 moths of Lingering schizophrenic-like symptoms

T: looking at something and can only see one part of picture e.g persons eye

microscopia

what is macroscopia

can't focus on anything see everything (attention)

delusions, paranoia, disordered thinking, catalepsies and catatonia, sparse/garbled speech, micro/macroscopia occur from high doses of PCP or ketamine what do these resemble

schizophrenia

what does this tell us about schiz

support glutamate hypothesis (instead of dopamine)

Ketamine: “...” perceive experience simulating near-death (heading toward light) or only being able to see apart of setting

keyhole

what dose causes depressant effects

moderate

Analgesia means less exertion

f allows for excessive exertion

problem with Analgesia allows for excessive exertion

injury to self

what does it feel like to be on ketamine or PCP: why?

“Superhuman” strength and “invulnerability” because not feeling pain= not getting feedback from body

T: Delusional fantasies of omnipotence, power, perception | and the belief in a “god-like” status effect of ketamine

megalomania

how does ketamine change fear of death

pathological decreased fear of death

illogical fear of death with megalomania in ketamine or PCP

no for PCP (say god but won't follow through e.g. flying) | ketamine will follow through

what happens to megalomania LT

perception stays LT from chronic prolonged use

PCP and ketamine results in depressive symptoms

depressive- like symptoms (drug induced Dif course)

is the depression caused long term?

morphs into schizo like psychosis

what causes the depressive symptoms from PCP and ketamine

Chronic antagonism of glutamate receptors leads to deficits in memory, speech, logic

is there tolerance with PCP and ketamine?

accrued tolerance

what does LT depression mean

neurons not connected dendrites pulling back= strictly physiological not emotional

what is accrued tolerance

increasing amounts over time as you keep taking more

why do they separate animal surgeries using dissociates

to avoid accrued tolerance= Separation of administration by days prevents tolerance

how does tolerance influence drug behaviour for users

Prolonged regular intake requires higher doses to achieve effect

is there tolerance to psychedelic effects?

Chronic ketamine injection results in permanent tolerance to psychedelic effects (NMDA receptors so down regulated)

is there physical dependance with dissociatives

only for PCP

does PCP cause brain damage

hard to say because its associated with a lifestyle

what causes the dependance in PCP

effects on dopaminergic centers

is the withdrawl of PCP the result of brain damage

maybe

is there psychological dpeednace in dissociatives

yes

what psycholigcal depednace symptoms

cravings have been observed, related to euphoria

how has ketamine been used therepudically

to treat depression

T: ketamine used to treat depression

ketamine psychedelic therapy

there is a close relationship between glutamate and ... in brain

glucocorticoids (glutamate activating cortisol in brain= too much surpasses seretonin)

what is the logic behind using ketamine for treating depression

target antagonize glutamate receptors on glucocorticoid receptors

target antagonize glutamate receptors on glucocorticoid receptors did studies find this to be true with MDD?

one dose of Ketmaine resulted in alleviation of depressive symptoms within hours

how long did the effects of ketamine on dep last

lasted a week

what happened to suicidal ideation after ketamine

Suicidal ideation diminished in 40 min (better than antidepressants in this way)

T: Inhibition of glutamate at NMDA allows for glutamate to bind elsewhere, and facilitate BDNF

glucocorticoid theory

what happens if brain is saturated in cortisol

LT fight flight changes = anxiety

what does cortisol do to seretonin system

antagonists it

what does cortisol do to seretonin system

antagonists it

MDD has higher levels of glucocorticoids

free floating cortisol will cause worse MDD

f no whee to sit in NMDA remove self from glucocorticoid= seretonin back into play on receptors

ketamine provides support for what theory of depression brain chemistry

Glucocoritcoid theory not BDNF

Hallucinogens: PCP and Ketamine 15th Flashcards

(96 cards)