Haloalkanes

Question 1

free-radical substitution- forming haloalkanes

Answer 1

Condition: UV light
Stage 1 initiation: Cl2–> 2CL.
Propagation: CH4 + Cl. -> .CH3 + HCL
.CH3 + Cl2 —> CH3CL + Cl.
Termination

Question 2

Free radical defintion

Answer 2

A species with a single, unpaired electron

Question 3

Define free radical substitution

Answer 3

A species with a single, unpaired electron

Question 4

What does the curly arrow represent

Answer 4

Movement of electron pair

Question 5

Ozone layer mechanism

Answer 5

Initiation: CCl3F—> CL. + .CCl2F
Propagation- Cl. + O3–> ClO. + O2
ClO. + O3–> 2O2+ Cl.
Cl. Is regenerated in the final propagation step and causes a chain reaction in the decomposition of the ozone.

Question 6

Define nucleophile

Answer 6

An electron pair donor

Question 7

Haloalkane to a alcohol (CH3CH2Br)

Answer 7

Reagent: NaOH or KOH
Conditions: aqueous solution
CH3CH2Br + NaOH —> CH3CH2OH + NaBr
Nucleophillic substitution

Question 8

Haloalkane to a nitrile

Answer 8

Reagent: KCN
Conditions: ethanol solvent
CH3CH2Br + KCN—> CH3CH2CN + KBr
Nucleophilic substitution

Question 9

Haloalkane to Amine

Answer 9

Reagent: excess ammonia
CH3CH2Br + 2NH3–> CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Br
Nucleophillic substitution

Question 10

haloalkane to Allene

Answer 10

Reagent: NaOH or KOH
Conditions: ethanol solvent
Elimination
CH3CHBrCH3 + NaOH —> CH2CHCH3 + H20 + NaBr