Haloalkanes Flashcards
Trend of BP of haloalkanes?
INCREASES down group
- atomic radius increases
= stronger instantaneous-induced forces between mol. –> more energy to overcome
The carbon-halogen bond in haloalkanes is____. Why?
POLAR
- halogens more ELECTRONEGATIVE than C
- halogen pulls e- density away from C so it’s e- deficient
What is a nucleophile?
Electron-pair donor
*donates electron pair to somewhere without enough electrons
Examples of nucleophiles?
OH- NH3 H2O
What is a substitution reaction?
When a FUNCTIONAL GROUP in compound is replaced by another functional group
What happens in a nucleophile company substitution reaction?
Nucleophile attacks a δ+ carbon and replaces the δ- atom/group
Haloalkanes react with _____ ___ by nucleophiles reaction
Hydroxide ions
General equation for haloalkanes undergoing nucleophilic substitution
R-X + NaOH –> ROH + NaX
Warming a haloalkanes with _____ also results in nucleophilic substitution
water
What are amines?
Based on ammonia (NH3) but 1+ of the H atoms replaced by ALKYL groups
What is a haloalkane?
Alkane with at least one HALOGEN atom in place of a H atom
Why are iodoalkanes the most reactive haloalkanes?
Even tho C-F bond is most POLAR - it’s the strongest = highest bond enthalpy = slower reaction
