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Reagents > Haloalkanes And Haloarenes > Flashcards

Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorination

A

Diffused sunlight or UV, or at higher temperature

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2
Q

Bromination

A

Anhydrous aluminium tribromide

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3
Q

Iodination

A

Treated with iodine. But reversible so Indic acid or nitric acid or mercuric oxide

HgI2 and NH3 bpdts

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4
Q

Addition of hydrogen halides

A

HX

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5
Q

Chlorination of alcohols

A

Give alkyl chloride. Lucas reagent

Zinc chloride usually not req for 2 or 3 deg

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6
Q

Bromination of alcohols

A

Sodium bromide with sulphuric acid in reflux

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7
Q

Idodination of alcohols

A

HI in heating

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8
Q

PCl3

A

Plus heat

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9
Q

PBr3 and PI3

A

With P + X2

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10
Q

Thionyl chloride

A

Pyridine in reflux

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11
Q

Halogen exchange

A

Sodium iodide in acetone finkelstein
Silver fluoride or CoF2 SbF3 or HgF2 Swartz
Both sn2

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12
Q

Aqueous KOH

A

Boil. Replaces X with OH

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13
Q

Moist silver oxid

A

Forms alcohols. Moist silver oxide is silver hydroxide

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14
Q

KCN

A

Alcoholic solution, boil

Cyanide

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15
Q

AgCN

A

Heat. Isocyanide

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16
Q

NH3 ammonolysis

A

Alcoholic ammonia amine forms and HX bpdt

Heat and under pressure

17
Q

Williamson

A

Sn2 Na in ether

18
Q

Ester formation

A

Silver salt of carboxylic acid gives Ester with Rx

19
Q

Dehydrohalogenation

A

Alcoholic KOH or NaOH

20
Q

Wurtz coupling

A

RX and Na give RR and NaX

Or RR’

21
Q

Grignard

A

Magnesium in dry ether

22
Q

Aromatic halogenation

A

Anhydrous FeX3

23
Q

Arom nitration

A

Nitric acid with conc sulphuric acid ortho or para

24
Q

Arom sulphonation

A

Conc sulfuric acid with heat

25
Q

FC alkyl

A

Anhydrous aluminium trichloride

Reagents (2 decks)

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